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Physical Science > 25.3 & 25.4 > Flashcards

25.3 & 25.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the boundary that marks a density change between layers?

A

Discontinuity

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2
Q

How are discontinuities identified?

A

Seismic Waves

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3
Q

What are shadow Zones?

A

Areas where no seismic waves are recorded

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4
Q

What is another term or name for Shadow Zone?

A

Dead Zone

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5
Q

Between what degrees do Shadow Zones fall?

A

105-140 degrees

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6
Q

Is the outer core a solid or a liquid?

A

Liquid

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7
Q

Is the inner core a solid or a liquid?

A

Solid, because of so much pressure.

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8
Q

What makes up the lithosphere?

A
  1. Crust

2. Uppermost mantle

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9
Q

What is the asthenosphere?

A

Plastic like layer which Earth´s plates move.

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10
Q

What elements make up the mantle?

A
  1. Calcium
  2. Aluminium
  3. Iron
  4. Magnesium
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11
Q

What makes up the core?

A
  1. Iron

2. Nickel

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12
Q

What is the measure pf fluid´s resistance to flow?

A

Viscosity

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13
Q

What is the chemical compound that is silicon dioxide?

A

Silica

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14
Q

What kind of volcanoes tend to be small, have heights in the hundreds of meters range, and have short eruption cycles?

A

Cinder Cone Volcano

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15
Q

What kind of volcanoes are broad, flat structure composed of layer upon layer of lava flow?

A

Shield Volcano

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16
Q

What kind of volcanoes are large and steep-sided, often thousands of meters high and tens of kilometres across the base, and composed of layers of both lava and ash?

A

Composite Volcano

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17
Q

What is the sources for molten material inside Earth?

A

magma

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18
Q

What determines the eruptive style of a volcano?

A

Magma, temperature, viscosity, volume, and water and gas.

19
Q

What is the relationship between volcanoes and plate tectonics?

A

They form when the tectonic plates move.

20
Q

How do volcanoes form?

A

Volcanoes form when molten rock rises from deep within Earth and erupts from a crack in the crust.

21
Q

What is molten liquid or rock called that is stored in the Earth?

A

Molten, or liquid, rocks stored inside Earth is called magma.

22
Q

Where can melting occur

A

Melting can occur in the asthenosphere.

23
Q

What kind of rock is less dense which causes it to rise?

A

Magma is less dense than surrounding rock, causing it to rise.

24
Q

What has to happen for magma to possibly reach Earth´s surface?

A

Rising magma may reach Earth’s surface if pressure conditions allow and the rock has conduits through which it can flow.

25
Q

When magma reaches Earth´s surface and erupts as either lava or ash what is formed?

A

A volcano is a feature that forms when magma reaches Earth’s surface and erupts as either lava or ash.

26
Q

What happens when plates separate along the mid-ocean ridge or where plates collide along a subduction zone?

A

Volcanic eruptions occur where plates separate along a mid-ocean ridge or where plates collide along a subduction zone

27
Q

Most of Earth´s volcanoes are located along plate boundaries that the surround the pacific ocean, this is called what?

A

Ring of Fire.

28
Q

Volcanoes in the northwestern United States and Alaska form along what?

A

subduction zones within the Ring of Fire.

29
Q

There are places where volcanic activity occurs on land due to divergence, where are such places?

A

the East African Rift Valley

30
Q

Hot spots are areas of volcanic activity where magma moves toward the surface in large, in large what´s?

A

balloon like plumes

31
Q

Hot spots are ________, unlike the plates that move above them.

A

stationary

32
Q

_______ is a measure of a fluid’s, such as lava, resistance to flow.

A

Viscosity

33
Q

What is molten or lava rock stored inside of the earth called?

A

Magma

34
Q

Where is the ring of fire located?

A

Pacific Ocean

35
Q

What are two specific locations where volcanic activity occurs due to divergence?

A
  1. East African Rift Alley

2. Mid-Atlantic Ridge

36
Q

Are Hot Spots stationary?

A

Yes

37
Q

What is the measure of fluid´s, such as lava, resistance to flow?

A

Viscosity

38
Q

If magma has a high viscosity will it contain more or less silica?

A

More

39
Q

What is pyroclastic material?

A

Any solid material that erupts from a volcano

40
Q

What is the smallest form of pyrcolastic material?

A

Ash

41
Q

What is the largest form of pyroclastic material?

A

Blocks and bombs

42
Q

What are the types of gasses that erupt from a volcano?

A
  1. Water Vapor
  2. Carbon Dioxide
  3. Sulfur Dioxide
43
Q

How are volcanoes classified?

A
  1. Size
  2. Shape
  3. Materials that erupts form them
44
Q

What are the three types of volcanoes?

A
  1. Cinder Cone
  2. Shield
  3. Composite

Physical Science (14 decks)

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