Chapter 25

Question 1

Mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys

Answer 1

Mid-ocean Range

Question 2

A long, narrow depression

Answer 2

Rift Valley

Question 3

The boundary where two plates collide

Answer 3

Convergent Plate Valley

Question 4

When a thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the continent in a process called…

Answer 4

Subduction

Question 5

The boundary between two plates that are moving apart

Answer 5

Divergent Plate Boundary

Question 6

This type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite direction.

Answer 6

Transform Plate Boundary

Question 7

The sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earth’s crust called faults.

Answer 7

Earthquakes

Question 8

A crack in Earth’s crust along which rock has moved

Answer 8

Fault

Question 9

Sudden release of strain energy and moves along a fault

Answer 9

Elastic Rebound

Question 10

The point of orgin for an earthquake

Answer 10

Focus

Question 11

The point of Earth’s surface directly above the focus

Answer 11

Epicenter

Question 12

Who came up with the Continental Drift hypothesis?

Answer 12

Alfred Wegener

Question 13

What were some pieces of evidence that supported his hypothesis?

Answer 13

1. The Coastlines matched up like puzzle pieces
2. He looked at large land animal fossils
3. Mountain ranges matched up and had similar rock types and rock age.

Question 14

What was the name of the “Super Continent”?

Answer 14

Pangaea

Question 15

Who came up with the Seafloor Spreading hypothesis?

Answer 15

Harry Hess

Question 16

How did Harry Hess come up with the Seafloor Spreading hypothesis (what did he use)?

Answer 16

Sonar

Question 17

Who discovered the mid-ocean (MOR) ridge?

Answer 17

Harry Hess

Question 18

Where can we find younger rock on the seafloor? Near the (MOR) or further from the (MOR)?

Answer 18

Closer to the (MOR)

Question 19

What are the 3 types of plate boundaries?

Answer 19

1. Divergent Boundary
2. Convergent Boundary
3. Transform Boundary

Question 20

What are the two types of crust?

Answer 20

1. Oceanic Crust

2. Continental Crust

Question 21

How do convergent plate boundaries move?

Answer 21

They attract to each other or move together/collide

Question 22

What land forms can form from oceanic crust and continental crust?

Answer 22

1. Deep-sea Trench

2. Volcanoes

Question 23

Subduction only happen with which kind of plate boundary?

Answer 23

Convergent Plate boundary

Question 24

What land forms an be formed hen two oceanic crusts form together?

Answer 24

1. Deep-sea Trenches

2. Hot spots (Islands)

Question 25

What type of land form can be created when two continental crusts form together?

Answer 25

Mountains

Question 26

What type of crust must be present for volcanic activity to occur?

Answer 26

Oceanic Crust

Question 27

How do divergent plates move?

Answer 27

Away from each other

Question 28

What are specific examples of a divergent plate boundary?

Answer 28

1. MOR (mid-ocean ridge) (both are oceanic crusts) | 2. East African Rift (both continental)

Question 29

How do transform plate boundaries move?

Answer 29

Slide past each other (horizontally)

Question 30

Specific example of transform plate boundary

Answer 30

San Andreas Fault

Question 31

How do convection currents work?

Answer 31

1. Magma heats up, becomes less dense, then rises | 2. Magma cools, becomes denser, then sinks

Question 32

What are other forces to help plate motion?

Answer 32

1. Slab pull 2. Ridge push 3. Friction

Question 33

Which type of plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes?

Answer 33

Divergent and Transform

Question 34

Which plate boundary has the deep earthquakes?

Answer 34

Convergent

Question 35

What types of stress can be applied to rocks to cause movement?

Answer 35

1. Compression stress 2. Tension stress 3. Shear stress 4. Torsion stress

Question 36

What are the types of deformation that can be caused due to stress?

Answer 36

1. Elastic | 2. Plastic

Question 37

What happens to a material when elastic deformation occurs?

Answer 37

Object deforms then snaps back to original shape.

Question 38

What happens to a material when plastic deformation occurs?

Answer 38

Deforms and then stays in the new shape.

Question 39

How many types of seismic waves are there?

Answer 39

A) 3 1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Surface Waves

Question 40

Which wave is the fastest wave?

Answer 40

P-wave (Primary Waves)

Question 41

What type of wave is a P-wave?

Answer 41

Compression Wave

Question 42

What type of material can P-waves travel through?

Answer 42

Solids and Liquids

Question 43

What type of wave is an S-wave?

Answer 43

Transverse

Question 44

What type of materials can S-waves travel through?

Answer 44

Solids

Question 45

Which wave is the most complex wave that causes the most damage?

Answer 45

Surface Waves

Question 46

What are the two scales that help us measure earthquakes?

Answer 46

1. Richter Scale | 2. Mercalli Scale

Question 47

What does the Richter scale measure?

Answer 47

The amount of energy released

Question 48

What does the Mercalli scale tell us about an earthquake?

Answer 48

The amount of damaged caused