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Physical Science > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

1
Q

Mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys

A

Mid-ocean Range

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2
Q

A long, narrow depression

A

Rift Valley

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3
Q

The boundary where two plates collide

A

Convergent Plate Valley

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4
Q

When a thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the continent in a process called…

A

Subduction

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5
Q

The boundary between two plates that are moving apart

A

Divergent Plate Boundary

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6
Q

This type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite direction.

A

Transform Plate Boundary

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7
Q

The sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earth’s crust called faults.

A

Earthquakes

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8
Q

A crack in Earth’s crust along which rock has moved

A

Fault

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9
Q

Sudden release of strain energy and moves along a fault

A

Elastic Rebound

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10
Q

The point of orgin for an earthquake

A

Focus

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11
Q

The point of Earth’s surface directly above the focus

A

Epicenter

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12
Q

Who came up with the Continental Drift hypothesis?

A

Alfred Wegener

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13
Q

What were some pieces of evidence that supported his hypothesis?

A
  1. The Coastlines matched up like puzzle pieces
  2. He looked at large land animal fossils
  3. Mountain ranges matched up and had similar rock types and rock age.
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14
Q

What was the name of the “Super Continent”?

A

Pangaea

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15
Q

Who came up with the Seafloor Spreading hypothesis?

A

Harry Hess

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16
Q

How did Harry Hess come up with the Seafloor Spreading hypothesis (what did he use)?

A

Sonar

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17
Q

Who discovered the mid-ocean (MOR) ridge?

A

Harry Hess

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18
Q

Where can we find younger rock on the seafloor? Near the (MOR) or further from the (MOR)?

A

Closer to the (MOR)

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19
Q

What are the 3 types of plate boundaries?

A
  1. Divergent Boundary
  2. Convergent Boundary
  3. Transform Boundary
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20
Q

What are the two types of crust?

A
  1. Oceanic Crust

2. Continental Crust

21
Q

How do convergent plate boundaries move?

A

They attract to each other or move together/collide

22
Q

What land forms can form from oceanic crust and continental crust?

A
  1. Deep-sea Trench

2. Volcanoes

23
Q

Subduction only happen with which kind of plate boundary?

A

Convergent Plate boundary

24
Q

What land forms an be formed hen two oceanic crusts form together?

A
  1. Deep-sea Trenches

2. Hot spots (Islands)

25
Q

What type of land form can be created when two continental crusts form together?

26
Q

What type of crust must be present for volcanic activity to occur?

A

Oceanic Crust

27
Q

How do divergent plates move?

A

Away from each other

28
Q

What are specific examples of a divergent plate boundary?

A
  1. MOR (mid-ocean ridge) (both are oceanic crusts)

2. East African Rift (both continental)

29
Q

How do transform plate boundaries move?

A

Slide past each other (horizontally)

30
Q

Specific example of transform plate boundary

A

San Andreas Fault

31
Q

How do convection currents work?

A
  1. Magma heats up, becomes less dense, then rises

2. Magma cools, becomes denser, then sinks

32
Q

What are other forces to help plate motion?

A
  1. Slab pull
  2. Ridge push
  3. Friction
33
Q

Which type of plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes?

A

Divergent and Transform

34
Q

Which plate boundary has the deep earthquakes?

A

Convergent

35
Q

What types of stress can be applied to rocks to cause movement?

A
  1. Compression stress
  2. Tension stress
  3. Shear stress
  4. Torsion stress
36
Q

What are the types of deformation that can be caused due to stress?

A
  1. Elastic

2. Plastic

37
Q

What happens to a material when elastic deformation occurs?

A

Object deforms then snaps back to original shape.

38
Q

What happens to a material when plastic deformation occurs?

A

Deforms and then stays in the new shape.

39
Q

How many types of seismic waves are there?

A

A) 3

 1. Primary
 2. Secondary
  3. Surface Waves
40
Q

Which wave is the fastest wave?

A

P-wave (Primary Waves)

41
Q

What type of wave is a P-wave?

A

Compression Wave

42
Q

What type of material can P-waves travel through?

A

Solids and Liquids

43
Q

What type of wave is an S-wave?

A

Transverse

44
Q

What type of materials can S-waves travel through?

45
Q

Which wave is the most complex wave that causes the most damage?

A

Surface Waves

46
Q

What are the two scales that help us measure earthquakes?

A
  1. Richter Scale

2. Mercalli Scale

47
Q

What does the Richter scale measure?

A

The amount of energy released

48
Q

What does the Mercalli scale tell us about an earthquake?

A

The amount of damaged caused

Physical Science (14 decks)

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