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Microbiology > Chapter 25 Blood and Lymphatic Infections > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Blood and Lymphatic Infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

-Blood, blood vessels and heart

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2
Q

Lymphatic System

A
  • Lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid organs

- Macrophages reside in the lymph nodes to filter out invading pathogens as they pass through

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3
Q

Bacterial Endocarditis (Bacterial Disease)

A
  • Inflammation of the heart
  • First bacteria have to enter into the blood
  • Ex. Streptococcus mutans - enter during dental surgery
  • Can then stick to pre-existing lesions
  • Ex. damage caused by rheumatic fever or congenital heart defects
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4
Q

Symptoms of Bacterial Endocarditis

A
  • Fever, heart murmur, tissue damage, death
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5
Q

Treatment of Bacterial Endocarditis

A
  • Antibiotics and surgical removal of clots and abscesses
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6
Q

Prevention Bacterial Endocarditis

A

Antibiotics

- Ex. Antibiotics given directly after dental surgery

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7
Q

Sepsis (Bacterial Disease)

A
  • A life-threatening systemic inflammatory response caused by bacteria or their products in the blood - Ex. Klebsiella pneumonia’s endotoxin
  • Can lead to a sudden decrease in blood pressure - septic shock
  • Usually begins as an infection elsewhere in the body - Pneumonia, urinary tract infections, or surgical wounds
  • Often occurs as a nosocomial infection
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8
Q

Treatment of Sepsis

A

Bacteriostatic antibiotics

- Antibiotic resistance is a problem - ex. KPC

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9
Q

Prevention of Sepsis

A

Identify and treat localized infections before they become systemic - controls pathogens like KPC in the hospital

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10
Q

Pseudomonas Infections (Bacterial Disease)

A
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Opportunistic pathogen - grows in dead tissue around wounds - Produces a blue-green pigment, characteristic of burn infections
  • May enter the blood
  • Gram negative - produces endotoxin
  • Leads to septic shock
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11
Q

Treatment of Pseudomonas Infections

A
  • Difficult because P. aeruginosa is naturally resistance to many antibiotics
  • Intravenous antibiotics administered in high doses
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12
Q

Prevention of Pseudomonas Infections

A
  • Difficult because P.aeruginosa naturally resists many disinfectants
  • Removal of dead tissue, and tropical antibiotic treatments
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13
Q

Plague - Yersinia pestis (Bacterial Disease)

A
  • Mainly a disease of rats and other rodents
  • Transmitted to humans by flea bites
  • Bacterium enters the blood and lymph
  • Can survive and multiply inside of phagocytic cells
  • Lymph nodes in the groin and armpits become enlarged
  • Swellings called buboes - bubonic plague
  • Untreated - will cause death in 50-80% of patients
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14
Q

Pneumonic Plague (Bacterial Disease)

A
  • Spread by respiratory droplets
  • Symptoms are pneumonia-like
  • Nearly 100% fatal within 3 days
    Treatment: Antibiotics
    Prevention: Pest Control
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15
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis - Epstein- Barr virus (Viral Disease)

A
  • Transmitted by direct or indirect contact: Kissing, sharing drinks
  • In most of the world infection occurs in early childhood - asymptomatic
  • In North America infection often occurs in early adulthood
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16
Q

Symptoms of Infectious Mononucleosis

A
  • Fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes

- More intense immune response

17
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis Continued (Viral Disease)

A
  • Virus targets B cells
  • Tc cells actively destroy B cells - AB mediated immunity weakened
  • Disease lasts months - immune system is impaired
  • Latent disease linked to Burkitt’s lymphoma, chronic fatigue syndrome
  • May also be involved in Multiple sclerosis, Hodgkin’s disease, nasopharyngeal cancer
18
Q

Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (Viral Disease)

A
  • Zoonotic disease, the reservoir is likely a fruit bat
  • Can be transmitted to humans when fruit bats are handled
  • Highly contagious
  • Transmitted between humans through direct or indirect contact with infected blood
19
Q

Symptoms of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever

A
  • High fever
  • Vomiting blood
  • Bleeding profusely - internal and external openings (Ex. Nose, eyes)
  • Multiple organ failure
  • Fatal in greater than 50% of cases
20
Q

Malaria - Plasmodium (Protozoa Disease)

A
  • Carried by mosquitoes in tropical climates
  • Targets red blood cells (RBCs) - causes anemia, enlarged spleen
  • Characteristic fever cycle, temperature increases to 40-42 degree C every 2-3 days
  • New generation of protozoa released from RBCs
21
Q

Treatment of Malaria

A
  • Quinines (anti-malarial)

- Many strains resistant

22
Q

Prevention

A

Mosquito control

- About 300-500 million people infected world-wide

Microbiology (17 decks)

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