Chapter 1 Humans and the Microbial World Flashcards
1
Q
Robert Hooke
A
- Used a crude microscope to view individual cells
- Beginning of Cell Theory: All living organisms are composed of cells
2
Q
Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek
A
- Amateur lends grinder
- Built microscopes that could view living microorganisms - called them ‘animalcules’
3
Q
Spontaneous Generation
A
Belief that some forms of life can arise from non-living matter
4
Q
Biogenesis
A
Living matter arises only form pre-existing living matter
5
Q
Robert Koch
A
- Investigated the cause of anthrax (in cows)
- Showed that a specific microbe was the cause of a particular disease
- Established a sequence of experimental steps that could be used to find the causative agent of other diseases called: Koch’s Postulates
6
Q
Edward Jenner
A
- Developed a vaccine to protect against smallpox
- Observed that people who were previously sick with mild disease cowpox did not get sick with smallpox
- He purposefully inoculated a young boy with cow pox – he became ill and then became immune to smallpox
7
Q
Louis Pasteur
A
- Used swan neck flasks to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation
- Developed aseptic technique - sterile environment
- Fermentation
- Pasteurization
8
Q
Joesph Lister
A
- Used phenol to clean surgical instruments and treat surgical wounds
- Drastically reduced the incidence of surgical wound infections - led to development of disinfectants and antiseptics
9
Q
Louis Pasteur (1880)
A
- Studied fowl cholera in birds
- Started vaccination
10
Q
Paul Ehrlich
A
- Selective Toxicity
- Discovered salvarsan
- Beginning of chemotherapy
11
Q
Alexander Fleming
A
- Noticed that mold inhibited bacterial growth on contaminated plates
- Produced a natural compound called penicillin
- The first antibiotic
- An antimicrobial chemical produced naturally by bacteria or fungi
12
Q
Carl Linnaeus
A
Created Nomenclature
