Chapter 25 Flashcards
Consolidated democracy
A nation that has democratic elections, political parties, constitutional government, an independent judiciary, and usually a market economy
Life peers
A person who has been awarded a title in the House of Lords for outstanding achievement
Apartheid
Strict segregation of the races
Sanctions
A measure shuck as withholding economic aid to influence a foreign governments activities
Muslim
A follower of the religion of Islam
Mullah
A specially trained Islamic religious leader
Shah
A king
Supranational organizations
An organization whose authority overrides the sovereignty of its individual members
State sponsored terrorism
Terrorism that is secretly supported by government
Nuclear proliferation
The spread of nuclear weapons
Give examples if factors that shape a nations government
History Culture Economic needs Natural resources Geography
Where did the first democratic ideals originate
Ancient Greece and Rome
Explain what a parliamentary government is and how it functions
It serves as both legislative and executive function
Type of democratic govt
They are an elected assembly
Difference between House of Lords and House of Commons
House of Lords- the aristocratic house. Have very little power today
House of Commons- has the power. Make legislative and financial policies for Britain
What is the role of the prime minister including their powers and jobs
The leader of the majority party in parliament
Jobs: They choose heads of departments and serve an executive function
Describe the Japanese national diet
House of councillors- House of Representatives- Lawmaking body of Japan- Makes fiscal decisions Votes the way the government wants
Who does a cabinet preside over in a parliamentary govt
Presides over departments or ministries
Explain how govt can be dissolved
If people are unhappy with the direction govt has taken, the prime minister and cabinet may be forced to resign. This results in new elections
May also occur if govt thinks it can gain more seats
What is presidential govt?
Give an example of a nation that has it
In democracy
Separation of legislative and executive branch
In the U.S. and France
Understand the role of the French govt
Is directly elected by voters
Negotiates treaties
Appoints higher officials
Chair to be the high council of the armed forces
Can appeal to the people by referendum
Dictatorial powers during times of national emergency
Describe the role of premier
Equivalent to a prime minister
Names minister to the cabinet
Works with a president
Conducts the day to day work of the govt
Must answer to National Assembly and president
How did Poland progress towards democracy
Broke free from communism under lech walesa
Created a constitution but continue to struggle due to their economy
How did South Africa progress toward democracy
Policy of apartheid-strict segregation of races- would lead to Nelson Mandela protesting
Eventually held nonracial elections
Are transitioning to a democratic society
How did Mexico progress toward democracy
Had a democratic constitution but was dominated by the PRI party
Would eventually open the door for more parties to participate
Lech Walesa
Poland
Labor leader in Poland
United anti communists
Would become first democratically elected president in Poland
Mao Zedong
China Communist in China Forced nationalists to flee China Established China as a communist country with to ligation govt Had 5 year plans
Kim Jong Un
North Korea
Dictator
Inherit position from father
Controls every aspect of North Koreans lives
Vincente Fox
First PAn non majority party president in Mexico
Fidel Castro
Outgrew
Established communist country
Had a bad relationship until recently
Nelson Mandela
South Africa
Lead the ANC trying to get rid of apartheid
Would be jailed but eventually released and became president
Osama Bin Laden
Saudi Arabia
Wealthy
Established al-Qaeda
Wanted to destroy US
Explain how the people’s republic of China came to be
Was ruled by emperors until the late 1800s
Last emperor overthrown in 1911
Rival parties, the communists, and nationalists fought for power until uniting during wwii
Communists led by Mao Zedong seized power in 1949
Nationalists fled to Taiwan
Chinese communist party took control of govt
Describe Mao Zedongs China
Socialist state similar to the Soviet Union
Took control of all major industries and farmland
Assigned jobs to workers
Created 5-year plans to guide economic decisions
Forded peasants to work on collective farms under govt supervision
Explain what he politburo is in China
Makes national policy for China
Has 20 ccp party leaders; 7 make most of decisions for 1.3 billion Chinese people
How does China prevent opposition
Filter and sensor the Internet
No other parties are allowed to form
Massacred hundreds of people who protest
Who was the first president to visit China
Richard Nixon
Why do the US and China work together
Mostly for economic reasons
Explain why the U.S. And Cuba have had tense relations
Once Castro took over in Cuba, he installed a communist government with ties to the Soviet Union
U.S. Would invade Cuba during the Bay of Pigs Invasion
Also had issues with soviet-installed missiles on Cuba in October of 1962
Recently the U.S. Has reopened trade
Describe life in North Korea under their dictator
Bad Every aspect of life is controlled No outside information coming in Any wealth is given to Kim Jong UN Starvation is a problem
Explain how Islam was formed
Founder is Muhammad
He had a vision from Allah to form the Koran
In many Islamic countries…
There is no separation between church and state
Compare and contrast:
secularists
Fundamentalists
Moderates
Secularists: Muslim that believes religious doctrine and secular law should be separate
Fundamentalists: believe that Islamic countries should take their laws from the Koran-religion law
Moderates: want some influence from Islamic teachings but to also coexist with a modern world
What is shari’ah
Law of the Quran
Describe the govts in Iran and Saudi Arabia
Iran- unhappy with thee modern view of the shah, fundamentalists united under Ayatollah Ruhollah
Khomeini forced the shah to flee to the U.S. And demand his return, us refused and would result in the Iranian hostage crisis
Saudi Arabia- Al Saud family took power in 1932
Typically fundamentalist but discovery of oil has forced the royal family to modernize
Understand the difference between an NGO and an IGO
NGO- nongovernmental organizations
IGO- intergovernmental organization
Understand the three goals of the UN
Preserve world peace and security
Encourage nations to deal fairly with eachother
Help nations cooperate
Explain the structure of the UN
General assembly- discusses debates; controls UN budget
Security council- 15 members; 5 permanent members; makes peacekeeping decisions for UN
Secretariat-responsible for day to day business
International court of justice- aka world court; judicial branch of UN
Economic and social council- helps UN promote social and economic progress around world- health, education and human rights
Specialized agencies-
Explain how the UN can keep the peace world wide
Can issue sanctions
Can send a military coalition
Can send smaller peace keeping groups
Explain why the European Union was formed
To unite nations economically and politically
Under Maastricht treaty,
European Union members began to give up some sovereignty
Explain the structure of the Europeans Union government
Council of the European Union- decides key directions for eu policy. Secretaries sent from each member nation
European Parliament- legislative brand of eu. Works w/council to form annual budget
European court of justice- hears cases on wide range of subjects
European Commission- does much of daily work. Directs eu bureaucracy
President of commission- head of the commission
Why is there an increasing number of global issues affecting the world today
Countries have become more dependent on eachother
Define terrorism
Where do most terrorist groups originate
Non governmental groups use violence against civilians for a political goal
Most come from the Middle East
Explain what al-Qaeda and Taliban are
Al-Qaeda: terrorist group formed by Osama bin laden to harm western cultures
Taliban: fundamentalist political group that is based out of Afghanistan
Describe what happened on September 11, 2001
4 plains were high jacked by al qeada members hitting American targets killing apprx 3,000 people
Who has had nuclear weapons for years
Us Russia Great Britain France China
What did the non proliferation treaty do
Had nations promise to not provide nuclear weapons and technology to other nations and to ensure the safe use of nuclear power and encourage general disarmament and destruction of nuclear weapons
Identify the current nuclear issue facing the world
What nations are a large concern
The ability to build small nuclear weapons using low-enriched unranium or spent nuclear fuel which are readily available to other nations
North Korea and Iran
Define human rights
The basic freedoms and rights that all people should enjoy no matter what
Explain what he universal declaration of human rights protects
Similar rights to those of the U.S. Constitution
Freedom of movement, right to seek asylum, right to marry, right to own property
Understand the role of international criminal tribunals
Temporary courts under the UN to prosecute violators of human rights laws
What is the debat about environmental protections?
Developed nations were able to industrialize without international regulations resulting in pollution
Less developed nations want to do the same
Explain why the U.S. Has been wary about agreeing to environmental policy such a s the Kyoto protocol
Worry about its impact on the U.S. Economy
Define sustainable development
How can nations of the world economically develop and still protect the environment
