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12th Govt > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Limited government

A

A system in which the power of the government is limited, not absolute

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2
Q

Representative govt

A

A system in government in which people elect delegates to make laws and conduct govt

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3
Q

Separation of powers

A

The division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of govt

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4
Q

Revenue

A

The money a govt collects from taxes or other sources

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5
Q

Embargo

A

An agreement prohibiting trade

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6
Q

Ratify

A

To approve

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7
Q

Unicameral

A

A single chamber legislature

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8
Q

Cede

A

To yield

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9
Q

Ordinance

A

A law

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10
Q

Interstate commerce

A

Trade among the states

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11
Q

Extralegal

A

Not sanctioned by the law

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12
Q

Anarchy

A

Political disorder

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13
Q

Explain the concepts of American govt that originated in England

A

Magna Carta
Petition of right- limit- parliament must consent to taxes, no quartering, no marshal law
English bill of rights- monarchs are not absolute, monarchs can’t interfere with parliament, fair trials, no cruel punishment
Representative govt- people elect delegates to run the govt for them, originated in England

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14
Q

Explain Locke’s theory on govt

-when is govt legitimate

A

In nature before govt, everyone is born free.

People give ho some of their freedoms to the govt for protection and if govt doesn’t protect you, you can overthrow it

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15
Q

What natural rights are people born with according to Locke

A

Life, liberty, and property

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16
Q

How was democracy different in the colonies than it is today

A

Only white men who owned property could vote

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17
Q

List the 3 practices of the colonial govt that exist today

A

Written constitutions
Legislature of elective representatives
Separation between the governor and legislature

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18
Q

Mayflower compact

A

The pilgrims government.

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19
Q

Great fundamentals

A

The law for the English colonies

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20
Q

Fundamental orders of Connecticut

A

The first formal/written constitution in America

21
Q

The house of burgesses

A

The first legislature in the us

In Virginia

22
Q

Why did the colonies exist for the benefit of Great Britain?

A

For the benefit of Great Britain:
could get natural resources from the colonies
We’re a market for British goods

23
Q

The colonies were fairly independent because

A

We’re fairly independent

Because of the distance between them and England

24
Q

What 2 events changed the relationship between the colonies and Britain

A

French and Indian war

King George III becomes king

25
Q

Why did the British begin taxing the colonies

A

To pay off debt

26
Q

What was the stamp act

What problems it caused

A

First direct tax on the colonies

Placed on paper products

27
Q

Results of the stamp act

A

Caused them to boycott British goods
Escalated to the Boston tea party as a protest
Intolerable acts were the punishment for the Boston tea party

28
Q

What was decided at the stamp act congress and the resulting committees of correspondence

A

Embargo British goods

Committees of c. Groups that wrote eachother to tell about the rebellion

29
Q

What does ‘no taxation without representation’ mean

A

Because the colonists didn’t have a representative in parliament, they should not be taxed

30
Q

What was accomplished at the first continental congress and the second continental congress

A

1st: discussed how to address britains taxes
2nd: the acting govt during the war.

31
Q

What is the Declaration of Independence
When was it signed
3 main parts

A

A document that officially separated the colonies from Great Britain
Signed July 4, 1776
Statement of purpose and basic human rights, complaints against George III, the separation from Great Britain

32
Q

All people have the right to

A

Life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness

33
Q

What is the articles of confederation
How is govt set up under it
Some of the benefits

A 
The first American govt 
It was a strong league of friendship 
Govt was a unicameral congress 
Each state got one vote 
No executive or judicial branches

Benefits-
Could enter into treaties,
make war and peace,
send and receive ambassadors

34
Q

List 4 weaknesses of the articles

A

Can’t levy taxes
Can’t regulate trade
To amend had to have approval of all 13 colonies
One more

35
Q

Explain some of the articles achievements

A 
Northwest ordinance 
Peace treaty with Great Britain 
Enlargement of the country 
Departments of foreign affairs, war, Marine, treasury 
'Full faith and credit' clause
36
Q

Explain some of the issues that arose under the articles, such as shays rebellion

A

States fought with one another
Couldn’t pay off the debt
Looked weak and terrible

Shays rebellion showed the weaknesses of the articles- Daniel shays was a revolutionary war veteran
Would lead unhappy farmers to close the courts
Tried to take a federal arsenal but was stopped

37
Q

What was the purpose of the constitutional convention?
Where was it held
Who presided over it

A

Purpose- to revise the articles
But decided to start over completely with the constitution
Held in Philadelphia
President was George Washington

38
Q

Who was the father of the constitution

A

James Madison

39
Q

Understand that the meetings were kept secret to allow…

A

Delegates to talk freely

40
Q

Describe the early agreements that occurred at the convention

A

Abandon the articles
Limited and representative govt
Legislative, executive, and judicial branches
Limit the states power to coin money or interfere with creditors rights
Strengthen the national govt

41
Q

Explain the difference between the Virginia plan and the New Jersey plan

A

Virginia- large state plan, created three branches of govt, a bicameral legislature, representation based on population
New Jersey- small state plan, keep a unicameral legislature, representation Would be equal

42
Q

What did the Connecticut compromise form

Explain

A

Compromise of the new jersey and Virginia plans
Creates a bicameral legislature
Senate has equal representation
House of representative is based on population
Formed the modern legislative branch of govt

43
Q

Explain the basics of three-fifths compromise

A

The north and the south
South wanted slaves to count for representation but not taxation
North wants them to count for taxation but not representation

Compromise they count a slave as 3/5 of a person for tax and representation

44
Q

What other compromises came out of the constitutional convention

A

Interstate trade and foreign commerce
Restrictions on slavery
How to elect president
Presidential term

45
Q

Know the difference between federa lists and antifederalists

A

Federalists: supported constitution

Anti-Federalists: did not support constitution

46
Q

What would get the states to ratify the constitution

A

The promise of the bill of rights

47
Q

How many states needed to ratify the constitution?

A

Needed 9 states to ratify

New Hampshire is the 9th state

48
Q

Where was the first Capitol of the U.S.?

A

New York

49
Q

Who was the first president?

A

George Washington

12th Govt (13 decks)

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