Chapter 1

Question 1

State

Answer 1

Political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized govt with power to make and enforce laws without approval from higher authority

Question 2

Nation

Answer 2

Group of people united by bonds of race, language, custom, tradition, and sometimes religion

Question 3

Nation state

Answer 3

A country in which the territory of both the nation and the state coincide

Question 4

Consensus

Answer 4

An agreement about basic beliefs

Question 5

Sovereignty

Answer 5

.supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries

Question 6

Confederacy

Answer 6

A loose union of independent states

Question 7

Constitution

Answer 7

A plan that provides rules for govt

Question 8

Preamble

Answer 8

A statement in a constitution that sets forth the goals and purposes of govt

Question 9

Politics

Answer 9

. The effort to control or influence the conduct and policies of govt

Question 10

Political party

Answer 10

A group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct govt, and determine public policy

Question 11

Economics

Answer 11

The study of human efforts to satisfy seemingly unlimited wants with limited resources

Question 12

Explain the four essential features of a state

Answer 12

Population-
Territory-
Sovereignty-
Govt-

Question 13

What is govt

Answer 13

Institution that the state used to maintain social order, provide public services, and enforce decisions

Question 14

What is the difference between theories

Answer 14

Evolutionary theory- govt came from family- patriarch
Force theory- people of area brought under force of one person
Divine theory- gods choose the ruler
Social contract- when the citizens give up some of their freedom in exchange for protection

Question 15

List the four purposes of govt

Answer 15

Maintain social order, provide national security and defense, public services, and control economic system

Question 16

What is the difference between a unitary system and a federal system?
What type does the us have?

Answer 16

Unitary- central govt has all power
Fed- divide power between national and state govt

Is has federal

Question 17

3 purposes of a constitution

Answer 17

Set out ideals of the people
Established the structure and powers of govt
Supreme law for the country

Question 18

Why are constitutions incomplete guides?

Answer 18

There is no way for it to list how govt really functions

It doesn’t always reflect the practice of govt

Question 19

3 goals set out by the US constitution

Answer 19

Form a more perfect union
Establish justice
Ensure domestic tranquility

Question 20

Why do people get involved in politics

Answer 20

To increase benefits to themselves without increasing the costs of govt to them

Question 21

Why are politics important

Answer 21

To manage conflicts in society

Question 22

Difference between industrialized nation and developing nation

Answer 22

Industrialized- 1st world countries, large industry, advanced technology, nicer standard of living
Developing- lower capita incomes, disease, starvation, turmoil, 3rd world countries

Question 23

Basic structures of autocracies
Oligarchies
Democracies

Answer 23

A- one person rules, dictatorships and monarchies
O- group rules
D- people rule

Question 24

Know the difference between govts discussed

Answer 24

Unitary- one central govt has all key powers
Federal- divides powers of govt between national and state govts
Autocracy- rule by one person (inheritance)
Oligarchy- rule by a few people (wealth, military, social position)
Democracy- rule is by the people
Direct democracy- people govern themselves by voting on issues as individuals
Representative democracy aka republic- people elect representatives to vote. Us has this
Capitalism- freedom of choice, private ownership, can profit
Communism- central govt controls all economic decisions, believed one economic class would evolve
Socialism- govt distributes wealth equally, makes all major decisions, owns all land

Question 25

What type of govt does the US have?

Answer 25

Representative democracy

Question 26

List the characteristics of democracy and conditions favorable to democracy

Answer 26

Characteristics- individual liberty, majority rule with minority rights, free elections, and competing political parties
Conditions- active citizen participation, favorable economy, widespread education, strong civil society, social consensus

Question 27

Explain the difference between capitalism and socialism

Answer 27

C- lots of economic freedom, economy based on individual choices
A- govt makes economic decisions, controls and distributes wealth and production

Question 28

What is a free market

Answer 28

Individuals make all economic decisions for buying and selling

Question 29

Laissez -faire

Answer 29

Fact that govts should keep its hands of economics

Question 30

Mixed market

Answer 30

Free to make economic decisions but govt regulates economy

US has this

Question 31

How does govt influence a capitalistic economy

Answer 31

Try to prevent pollution, social security, regulate foreign trade

Question 32

How does communism function?

Answer 32

Govt owns all means of production
Govt planners decide who’s, what’s and where’s of production
State owns everything
Hands down decisions to the people