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Physical Science > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What did Hess discover and name?

A

mid-ocean ridge

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2
Q

what is a long narrow depression

A

Rift Valley

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3
Q

The boundary where two plated collide is called?

A

Convergent plate boundary

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4
Q

A process where a denser plate dives beneath the continent is called?

A

Subduction

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5
Q

The boundary between two plates that are moving apart is called?

A

Divergent plate boundary

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6
Q

A type of boundary where plates slide horizontally is called?

A

Transform plate boundary

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7
Q

A sudden movement or vibration of the found that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in the Earth’s crusts called faults

A

Earthquake

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8
Q

A crack in the Earth’s crust is called?

A

Fault

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9
Q

The point of origin for an earthquake is called?

A

focus

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10
Q

The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus is called?

A

Epicenter

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11
Q

When a sudden release of strain energy as a rock moves along a fault is called?

A

Elastic rebound

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12
Q

Who came up with the Continental Drift hypothesis?

A

Alfred Wegener

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13
Q

What were some pieces of evidence to support his answer?

A
  1. Coastline matched like puzzle pieces
  2. He looked at large land animal fossils
  3. Mountain ranges matched up and had similar age and rock types
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14
Q

What was the name of the Super Continent?

A

Pangaea

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15
Q

Who came up with the sea floor spreading hypothesis?

A

Harry Hess

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16
Q

What did he use to come up with the sea floor spreading?

A

Sonar

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17
Q

Who discovered the mid-ocean ridge

A

Harry Hess

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18
Q

Where can we find younger rock on the sea floor

A

Closer to the MOR

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19
Q

What are the types of plate boundaries

A
  1. Divergent Boundary
  2. Convergent Boundary
  3. Transform Boundary
20
Q

What are the types of crust?

A
  1. Oceanic

2. Continental

21
Q

How do Convergent plates move?

A

Towards each other

22
Q

What land forms are created when Oceanic crusts and Continental crust converge?

A

Deep sea trench and Volcanoes

23
Q

Subduction only happens with which type of plate boundary

A

Convergent

24
Q

What type of land forms are created when two Oceanic crusts form together

A

Hotspots that create chain islands

25
Q

What type of land forms are created when two Continental crusts form together

A

Mountains

26
Q

How do divergent plates move?

A

Outwards from each other

27
Q

\What are some specific examples of a divergent plate boundary

A
  1. MOR (Mid-ocean ridge)/Both are Oceanic Crust

2. East African Rift

28
Q

How do transform plate boundaries move?

A

They slide horizontally past each other

29
Q

What is a specific example for Transform boundaries?

A

San Andreas faults (Continental Crust)

30
Q

What is a convection Current?

A
  1. Magma heats up, becomes less dense, and rises

2. Magma cools down, becomes more dense, and sinks

31
Q

What other forces that help plates in motion?

A

Slab Pull
Ridge Push
and Friction

32
Q

Which type of plate boundaries have Shallow earthquakes?

A

Divergent & Tranform

33
Q

Which plate boundary has deep earthquakes?

A

Convergent plate boundaries

34
Q

What are the four types of stress that can cause rocks to move?

A

Compression stress
Tension stress
shear stress
torsion stress

35
Q

What are the types of deformation that can be caused due to stress?

A

Elastic

Plastic

36
Q

What happens to a material when elastic deformation happens?

A

Deforms and snaps back to its original shape

37
Q

What happens to a material when plastic deformation happens?

A

Deforms and remains in its new shape

38
Q

How many types of seismic waves are there?

A

Primary waves
Secondary waves
Surface waves

39
Q

Which wave is the fastest wave?

A

P-waves

40
Q

What type of waves is a Primary wave?

A

A compression wave

41
Q

What type of material can P-waves travel through?

A

Solids and liquids

42
Q

What type of wave are secondary waves?

A

Transverse wave

43
Q

What type of material can S-waves travel through?

A

Solids

44
Q

Which wave is more complex and causes the most damage?

A

Surface wave

45
Q

What are the two scales that help measure earthquakes?

A

Richter Magnitude scale Mercalli scale

46
Q

What does the Richter scale measure about an earthquake?

A

The amount of energy released

47
Q

What does the Mercalli scale measure?

A

The amount of damaged caused

Physical Science (9 decks)

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