28.1 Vocab Flashcards
1
Q
Where Weather takes place
A
Troposphere
2
Q
When air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable.
A
Temperature inversion
3
Q
A natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation.
A
Greenhouse affect
4
Q
How are the atmospheres divided into their layers?
A
By composition and temperature
5
Q
What is the atmosphere air mainly made up of?
A
Nitrogen 78%
6
Q
What is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
A
Oxygen 21%
7
Q
What is the remaining 1% in the atmosphere called?
A
Trace gases majority is argon
8
Q
Within the troposphere does temperature increase or decrease with altitude
A
It decreases
9
Q
What are the names of the layers starting from the closest to the earth going up
A
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere
10
Q
Which layer is the ozone found in
A
Stratosphere
11
Q
In the stratosphere does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude?
A
Increase
12
Q
In the Mesosphere does it increase or decrease in altitude?
A
It decreases and the lower part of the mesosphere and increases at the top
13
Q
What percent of solar radiation gets absorbed by earths surface
A
50%
14
Q
What percentage of solar radiation gets reflected off of earths surface
A
5%
15
Q
What percent of radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere
A
20%
16
Q
What percentage of solar radiation is reflected by the particles in earths atmosphere?
A
35%
17
Q
What are the three basic cloud types?
A
Stratus, cumulus and cirrus
18
Q
Describe stratus clouds
A
Layered sheet-like clouds associated with rain
19
Q
Describe cumulus clouds
A
Puffy and occur in fair weather
20
Q
Describe cirrus clouds
A
Wispy, high-altitude clouds
21
Q
What is it called when deflection of an object due to earths rotation?
A
Coriolis Effect
22
Q
A narrow ban of fast-moving, high-altitude air.
A
Jet stream
23
Q
A large mass of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout.
A
Air mass
24
Q
Air masses interact in zones are called?
A
Weather front
25
How many jet streams are there
4
26
How many pressure systems are there?
2
27
What is a low pressure system known as?
Low(L)
28
Which direction does a low pressure system flow
Counter clockwise
29
What are some results of a low pressure system?
Air rises, clouds form, and precipitation can happen
30
What is a high pressure system known as?
A High(H)
31
Which way does a high pressure system flow?
Clock wise
32
What do high pressure systems cause?
Causes clearly skies
33
What are the 4 weather fronts
Cold front, warm fronts, stationary fronts, and occluded fronts
34
How are cold fronts created?
Where cold air forces warm air upward in a fast and chaotic manner
35
What represents a cold front on a weather forecast
Blue triangles
36
How are warm fronts created?
Warm air rises gently above cold air
37
What represents a warm front on a weather forecast
red half circles
38
How are stationary fronts created
Cold and warm air masses meet and neither front advances
39
What represents a stationary front on a weather forecast?
Both blue triangles and red semi circles
40
How are occluded fronts created?
A fast-moving cold font overtakes a slow warm front
41
How are occluded fronts represented in weather forecasts?
Purple triangles and semi circles
42
A climate that is strongly affected by an ocean is called?
Maritme climate
43
Climate that is not directly affected by the ocean is called?
Continental climate
44
What blows water toward land in the afternoon?
Sea breeze
45
What is climate?
Long-term average of weather conditions
46
What is weather?
Day to day outside conditions
47
What are the 5 spheres that makes up earths system?
Cyrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere
48
What is the atmosphere?
The air around us
49
What is the biosphere?
Everything that is living
50
What is the hydrosphere?
All liquid water
51
What is the cyrosphere?
All of the frozen water
52
What is the lithosphere?
Earth's outermost layer
53
What is a primary factor that influences climate at any given location?
Latitude
54
At which location does earth receive the most solar radiation?
At the equator
55
At what degrees does the sun rays hit earth in the tropic zone?
90 degrees
56
What degrees does the sun rays hit the temperate zones?
45 degrees
57
What degrees does the sun rays hit the polar zones?
30 degrees
58
Which zone does Lamar Colorado fall in?
Temperature
59
What are other factors that determine climate?
Precipitation, mountains, and water
60
What is it like on a windward side of a mountain
The air is cool and wet and lots of vegetation
61
What is it like on the leeward on a mountain?
The air is dry and little vegetation
62
What is land breeze?
Air blowing from land to water, this happens at night
63
In Lamar Colorado what type of climate zone are we in and type of vegetation?
Warm and semi-arid, grassland
64
What is the increase in average temperature on Earths near-surface air?
Global warming
65
What is it called when the Pacific ocean warms up off the coast of western South America(happens every 3 to 10 years)?
El Nino
66
What is it called when the Pacific ocean cools down and is colder than normal(can cause droughts)?
La Nina
67
What 2 changes does Earths climate undergo?
seasonal and longterm
68
How do seasonal changes happen?
The happen due to the earth revolving around the sun
69
In general which hemisphere is in summer?
the one tilted towards the sun
70
What is the period called when Earth was covered in a sheet of ice?
Ice age
71
How long ago did the world reach today's climate
3,000 years ago
72
What are some factors that can change climate?
Changes in earths tilt of the axis rotation, shape of orbit, and distance from the sun
73
How do humans effect climate?
Consumption of energy, deforestation, agricultural practice
74
What is deforestation?
Clearing a large area of trees
75
What are 3 ways the carbon cycle can be affected?
deforestation, and loss of vegetation
76
What is a round, three-dimensional object
Sphere
77
What is an elongated, closed curve. with two foci?
Ellipse
78
Is earth a perfect sphere?
No the equator is longer than pole to pole
79
What are some of the ancient observations to prove the earth is a sphere?
Gravity, Lunar eclipse, and Stars
80
What are two factors that affect gravitational pull?
Mass and distance between them
81
Which diameter of earth pole to pole or the equator is greater?
equator
82
What does the magnetic field protect the earth from?
Harmful Solar radiation
83
Which magnetic pole is located in the northern hemisphere?
South magnetic pole
84
which degrees is earth tilted at?
11.7
85
Does the magnetic poles reverse?
Yes
86
What are the large scale movements called>, where the magnetic poles change?
Magnetic reversals
87
How often to magnetic reversals occur?
every 200,000 years
88
How long ago did the last magnetic reversal happen?
780,000 years ago
89
What part of earths magnetic field deflects harmful radiation from the sun?
Magnetosphere
90
What are the 2 scientific names of the northern lights and the southern lights?
Aura borialis (northern), and the Aurora Australis (southern)
91
How are the aurora's created?
Electrically-charged particles collide with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light
92
What month are we closest to the sun?
January 147 million kilometers away
93
What month is earth farthest from the sun?
July 152 million kilometers
94
An area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same
Time Zone
95
The spinning of earth on its axis
Rotation
96
The motion of earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun
Revolution
97
The plane of Earths orbit around the sun
Ecliptic
98
Occurs when Earths rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun
Solstice
99
What is it called when Earth;s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to the center to the sun?
Equinox
100
Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C
Babylonians
101
What was the symbol for degree taken from?
the sun
102
How many degrees does the earth spin in one day
360
103
How many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?
24
104
How many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?
15
105
what direction does the sun rise?
east
106
What direction does the sun set?
west
107
True or false? All time zones are the exact same size
False, they are modified to fit around cities, states, and country borders, and other key sites
108
How many time zones are there in the world?
24
109
Which direction do you move to add hours to then time?
east
110
Which direction do you move to subtract hours form the time?
west
111
How many time zones are there in the US?
6
112
What are the names of the time zones?
eastern time, central time, mountain time, pacific time, atlantic/alaskan time, hawaiian time
113
What is a solar day?
when the sun is directly above us at noon and is in the exact spot the next day
114
What is a sidereal day?
When the earth rotates based on a start
115
What are the two main reasons for seasons?
earths tilt, orbit around the sun
116
Which 2 seasons have a solstice
Summer Winter
117
Which month is the summer solstice?
June
118
Which month is the winter solstice?
December
119
Which two seasons are equinox?
Spring and fall
120
Which month is the spring equinox?
march 20/21
121
Which month is the fall equinox?
September 22/23
122
When is the longest day of the year?
summer solstice
123
When is the shortest day of the year?
winter solstice
124
When are the days almost 12 hours of a day and 12 hours of night?
125
The rise or fall in the ocean surface is called?
Tides
126
When the reflection of the moon changes appearance.
Moon phase
127
When the Earth passes between the sun and the moon it casts a shadow called?
Solar eclipse
128
When the earth passes between the sun and the moon and casts a shadow on the moon is called what?
Lunar Eclipse
129
What is the dark-colored flat lava-filled regions called?
Maria
130
What is the layer of dusty lunar material on the moon
Regolith
131
How many days does it take the moon to revolve around earth?
27.3 days
132
A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days what is this called?
synodic month
133
Do we ever see the back side of the moon?
no
134
What causes a tide to rise of fall?
The moon and the sun
135
What is the rise of sea level called?
high tide
136
After the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level drop
low tide
137
Which is farther from earth? sun or the moon
Sun
138
Does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on earths tides?
Yes
139
How are the sun, earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?
Sun earth moon in a straight line
140
How are the sun, earth, and the moon aligned for a neap tide?
Sun earth moon in an L shape
141
What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?
the position of the moon earth and the sun relative of one another
142
When does a new moon occur?
when the moon is between the earth and the sun
143
How many phases of the moon are there?
8
144
What id the definition of waxing phase?
The illuminated portion that we see appears larger each night
145
What is the definition of waning phases
The illuminated part becomes smaller
146
What are the moon phase names?
New, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, waning crescent
147
Where is the word month derived from?
comes from the word moon
148
How is the earth, moon, sun aligned during a solar eclipse?
Sun moon earth
149
What is an unmbra?
Area of total eclipse, darkest part of moons shadow
150
How is the earth moon and sun aligned for a lunar eclipse?
Sun earth moon
151
How are the depressions on the moon formed?
Asteroids, meteorites and comets hitting the moon
152
Are there mountains on the moon?
Yes
153
Which side of the moon is thicker
Far side
154
Is the mantle of the moon a solid or liquid?
Solid
155
What did the clementine spacecraft do?
Confirmed the thickness of the moon + Provided info of the mineral content of the moon rocks
156
What did the lunar prospector do?
Took photographs, confirmed the iron rich core, presence of water-ice on the moon
157
What is the Giant impact theory?
A mars sized object collided with earth debris was thrown into orbit and condensed into a large mass known as the moon
158
What is a penumbra
The lightest part of the moons shadow
