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Physical Science > 28.1 Vocab > Flashcards

28.1 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Where Weather takes place

A

Troposphere

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2
Q

When air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable.

A

Temperature inversion

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3
Q

A natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation.

A

Greenhouse affect

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4
Q

How are the atmospheres divided into their layers?

A

By composition and temperature

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5
Q

What is the atmosphere air mainly made up of?

A

Nitrogen 78%

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6
Q

What is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

A

Oxygen 21%

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7
Q

What is the remaining 1% in the atmosphere called?

A

Trace gases majority is argon

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8
Q

Within the troposphere does temperature increase or decrease with altitude

A

It decreases

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9
Q

What are the names of the layers starting from the closest to the earth going up

A

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere

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10
Q

Which layer is the ozone found in

A

Stratosphere

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11
Q

In the stratosphere does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

Increase

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12
Q

In the Mesosphere does it increase or decrease in altitude?

A

It decreases and the lower part of the mesosphere and increases at the top

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13
Q

What percent of solar radiation gets absorbed by earths surface

A

50%

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14
Q

What percentage of solar radiation gets reflected off of earths surface

A

5%

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15
Q

What percent of radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere

A

20%

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16
Q

What percentage of solar radiation is reflected by the particles in earths atmosphere?

A

35%

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17
Q

What are the three basic cloud types?

A

Stratus, cumulus and cirrus

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18
Q

Describe stratus clouds

A

Layered sheet-like clouds associated with rain

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19
Q

Describe cumulus clouds

A

Puffy and occur in fair weather

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20
Q

Describe cirrus clouds

A

Wispy, high-altitude clouds

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21
Q

What is it called when deflection of an object due to earths rotation?

A

Coriolis Effect

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22
Q

A narrow ban of fast-moving, high-altitude air.

A

Jet stream

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23
Q

A large mass of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout.

A

Air mass

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24
Q

Air masses interact in zones are called?

A

Weather front

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25
Q

How many jet streams are there

A

4

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26
Q

How many pressure systems are there?

A

2

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27
Q

What is a low pressure system known as?

A

Low(L)

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28
Q

Which direction does a low pressure system flow

A

Counter clockwise

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29
Q

What are some results of a low pressure system?

A

Air rises, clouds form, and precipitation can happen

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30
Q

What is a high pressure system known as?

A

A High(H)

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31
Q

Which way does a high pressure system flow?

A

Clock wise

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32
Q

What do high pressure systems cause?

A

Causes clearly skies

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33
Q

What are the 4 weather fronts

A

Cold front, warm fronts, stationary fronts, and occluded fronts

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34
Q

How are cold fronts created?

A

Where cold air forces warm air upward in a fast and chaotic manner

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35
Q

What represents a cold front on a weather forecast

A

Blue triangles

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36
Q

How are warm fronts created?

A

Warm air rises gently above cold air

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37
Q

What represents a warm front on a weather forecast

A

red half circles

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38
Q

How are stationary fronts created

A

Cold and warm air masses meet and neither front advances

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39
Q

What represents a stationary front on a weather forecast?

A

Both blue triangles and red semi circles

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40
Q

How are occluded fronts created?

A

A fast-moving cold font overtakes a slow warm front

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41
Q

How are occluded fronts represented in weather forecasts?

A

Purple triangles and semi circles

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42
Q

A climate that is strongly affected by an ocean is called?

A

Maritme climate

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43
Q

Climate that is not directly affected by the ocean is called?

A

Continental climate

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44
Q

What blows water toward land in the afternoon?

A

Sea breeze

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45
Q

What is climate?

A

Long-term average of weather conditions

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46
Q

What is weather?

A

Day to day outside conditions

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47
Q

What are the 5 spheres that makes up earths system?

A

Cyrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere

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48
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

The air around us

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49
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

Everything that is living

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50
Q

What is the hydrosphere?

A

All liquid water

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51
Q

What is the cyrosphere?

A

All of the frozen water

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52
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

Earth’s outermost layer

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53
Q

What is a primary factor that influences climate at any given location?

A

Latitude

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54
Q

At which location does earth receive the most solar radiation?

A

At the equator

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55
Q

At what degrees does the sun rays hit earth in the tropic zone?

A

90 degrees

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56
Q

What degrees does the sun rays hit the temperate zones?

A

45 degrees

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57
Q

What degrees does the sun rays hit the polar zones?

A

30 degrees

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58
Q

Which zone does Lamar Colorado fall in?

A

Temperature

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59
Q

What are other factors that determine climate?

A

Precipitation, mountains, and water

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60
Q

What is it like on a windward side of a mountain

A

The air is cool and wet and lots of vegetation

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61
Q

What is it like on the leeward on a mountain?

A

The air is dry and little vegetation

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62
Q

What is land breeze?

A

Air blowing from land to water, this happens at night

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63
Q

In Lamar Colorado what type of climate zone are we in and type of vegetation?

A

Warm and semi-arid, grassland

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64
Q

What is the increase in average temperature on Earths near-surface air?

A

Global warming

65
Q

What is it called when the Pacific ocean warms up off the coast of western South America(happens every 3 to 10 years)?

A

El Nino

66
Q

What is it called when the Pacific ocean cools down and is colder than normal(can cause droughts)?

A

La Nina

67
Q

What 2 changes does Earths climate undergo?

A

seasonal and longterm

68
Q

How do seasonal changes happen?

A

The happen due to the earth revolving around the sun

69
Q

In general which hemisphere is in summer?

A

the one tilted towards the sun

70
Q

What is the period called when Earth was covered in a sheet of ice?

A

Ice age

71
Q

How long ago did the world reach today’s climate

A

3,000 years ago

72
Q

What are some factors that can change climate?

A

Changes in earths tilt of the axis rotation, shape of orbit, and distance from the sun

73
Q

How do humans effect climate?

A

Consumption of energy, deforestation, agricultural practice

74
Q

What is deforestation?

A

Clearing a large area of trees

75
Q

What are 3 ways the carbon cycle can be affected?

A

deforestation, and loss of vegetation

76
Q

What is a round, three-dimensional object

A

Sphere

77
Q

What is an elongated, closed curve. with two foci?

A

Ellipse

78
Q

Is earth a perfect sphere?

A

No the equator is longer than pole to pole

79
Q

What are some of the ancient observations to prove the earth is a sphere?

A

Gravity, Lunar eclipse, and Stars

80
Q

What are two factors that affect gravitational pull?

A

Mass and distance between them

81
Q

Which diameter of earth pole to pole or the equator is greater?

A

equator

82
Q

What does the magnetic field protect the earth from?

A

Harmful Solar radiation

83
Q

Which magnetic pole is located in the northern hemisphere?

A

South magnetic pole

84
Q

which degrees is earth tilted at?

A

11.7

85
Q

Does the magnetic poles reverse?

A

Yes

86
Q

What are the large scale movements called>, where the magnetic poles change?

A

Magnetic reversals

87
Q

How often to magnetic reversals occur?

A

every 200,000 years

88
Q

How long ago did the last magnetic reversal happen?

A

780,000 years ago

89
Q

What part of earths magnetic field deflects harmful radiation from the sun?

A

Magnetosphere

90
Q

What are the 2 scientific names of the northern lights and the southern lights?

A

Aura borialis (northern), and the Aurora Australis (southern)

91
Q

How are the aurora’s created?

A

Electrically-charged particles collide with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light

92
Q

What month are we closest to the sun?

A

January 147 million kilometers away

93
Q

What month is earth farthest from the sun?

A

July 152 million kilometers

94
Q

An area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same

A

Time Zone

95
Q

The spinning of earth on its axis

A

Rotation

96
Q

The motion of earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun

A

Revolution

97
Q

The plane of Earths orbit around the sun

A

Ecliptic

98
Q

Occurs when Earths rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun

A

Solstice

99
Q

What is it called when Earth;s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to the center to the sun?

A

Equinox

100
Q

Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C

A

Babylonians

101
Q

What was the symbol for degree taken from?

A

the sun

102
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one day

A

360

103
Q

How many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?

A

24

104
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?

A

15

105
Q

what direction does the sun rise?

A

east

106
Q

What direction does the sun set?

A

west

107
Q

True or false? All time zones are the exact same size

A

False, they are modified to fit around cities, states, and country borders, and other key sites

108
Q

How many time zones are there in the world?

A

24

109
Q

Which direction do you move to add hours to then time?

A

east

110
Q

Which direction do you move to subtract hours form the time?

A

west

111
Q

How many time zones are there in the US?

A

6

112
Q

What are the names of the time zones?

A

eastern time, central time, mountain time, pacific time, atlantic/alaskan time, hawaiian time

113
Q

What is a solar day?

A

when the sun is directly above us at noon and is in the exact spot the next day

114
Q

What is a sidereal day?

A

When the earth rotates based on a start

115
Q

What are the two main reasons for seasons?

A

earths tilt, orbit around the sun

116
Q

Which 2 seasons have a solstice

A

Summer Winter

117
Q

Which month is the summer solstice?

A

June

118
Q

Which month is the winter solstice?

A

December

119
Q

Which two seasons are equinox?

A

Spring and fall

120
Q

Which month is the spring equinox?

A

march 20/21

121
Q

Which month is the fall equinox?

A

September 22/23

122
Q

When is the longest day of the year?

A

summer solstice

123
Q

When is the shortest day of the year?

A

winter solstice

124
Q

When are the days almost 12 hours of a day and 12 hours of night?

A
125
Q

The rise or fall in the ocean surface is called?

A

Tides

126
Q

When the reflection of the moon changes appearance.

A

Moon phase

127
Q

When the Earth passes between the sun and the moon it casts a shadow called?

A

Solar eclipse

128
Q

When the earth passes between the sun and the moon and casts a shadow on the moon is called what?

A

Lunar Eclipse

129
Q

What is the dark-colored flat lava-filled regions called?

A

Maria

130
Q

What is the layer of dusty lunar material on the moon

A

Regolith

131
Q

How many days does it take the moon to revolve around earth?

A

27.3 days

132
Q

A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days what is this called?

A

synodic month

133
Q

Do we ever see the back side of the moon?

A

no

134
Q

What causes a tide to rise of fall?

A

The moon and the sun

135
Q

What is the rise of sea level called?

A

high tide

136
Q

After the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level drop

A

low tide

137
Q

Which is farther from earth? sun or the moon

A

Sun

138
Q

Does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on earths tides?

A

Yes

139
Q

How are the sun, earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?

A

Sun earth moon in a straight line

140
Q

How are the sun, earth, and the moon aligned for a neap tide?

A

Sun earth moon in an L shape

141
Q

What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?

A

the position of the moon earth and the sun relative of one another

142
Q

When does a new moon occur?

A

when the moon is between the earth and the sun

143
Q

How many phases of the moon are there?

A

8

144
Q

What id the definition of waxing phase?

A

The illuminated portion that we see appears larger each night

145
Q

What is the definition of waning phases

A

The illuminated part becomes smaller

146
Q

What are the moon phase names?

A

New, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, waning crescent

147
Q

Where is the word month derived from?

A

comes from the word moon

148
Q

How is the earth, moon, sun aligned during a solar eclipse?

A

Sun moon earth

149
Q

What is an unmbra?

A

Area of total eclipse, darkest part of moons shadow

150
Q

How is the earth moon and sun aligned for a lunar eclipse?

A

Sun earth moon

151
Q

How are the depressions on the moon formed?

A

Asteroids, meteorites and comets hitting the moon

152
Q

Are there mountains on the moon?

A

Yes

153
Q

Which side of the moon is thicker

A

Far side

154
Q

Is the mantle of the moon a solid or liquid?

A

Solid

155
Q

What did the clementine spacecraft do?

A

Confirmed the thickness of the moon + Provided info of the mineral content of the moon rocks

156
Q

What did the lunar prospector do?

A

Took photographs, confirmed the iron rich core, presence of water-ice on the moon

157
Q

What is the Giant impact theory?

A

A mars sized object collided with earth debris was thrown into orbit and condensed into a large mass known as the moon

158
Q

What is a penumbra

A

The lightest part of the moons shadow

Physical Science (9 decks)

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