Ch. 26 minerals Flashcards
What is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with materials that are not living?
Minerals
A mineral is?
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form
What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?
Oxygen and silicon
What does inorganic mean?
Minerals are materials that are not living
What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between the them reflect about a mineral?
How it breaks, how hard it is, and the type of crystal shape
What are all the ways to identify minerals?
Streak, luster, breakage type, and , atomic arrangement, hardness, crystal shape, cleavage, fracture
What are the two types of luster?
Metallic, and nonmetallic
How does metallic luster reflect light?
It reflects light very easily like metals
How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?
It reflects light like a piece of glass
How do you perform a stream test?
Rubbing a mineral on a unglazed porcelain tile
What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?
Cleavage and Fracture
What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?
Moh’s Scale
What is the numbered range on Mohs Scale of hardness?
1-10
How many different crystal shape systems are there?
6
Minerals grow from the ___
What are the 3 ways minerals can form?
Molten rocks, evaporation, and hot water
What are the two mineral groups?
Silicates and non-silicates
Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s crust
silicates
What elements are Silicates made up of?
Oxygen and Silicon
Nonsilicates do not contain what element?
Silicon
What mineral is used to make glass?
quartz
