Chapter 24 Key Terms Flashcards
Sepoys
Indian troops, trained in European style, serving the French and British.
Kingdom of Mataram
controlled most of interior Java in the 17th century; weakness of the state after the 1670s allowed the Dutch to expand their control over all of Java.
Raj
the British political establishment in India.
Plassey (1757)
battle between the troops of the British East India Company and the Indian ruler of Bengal; British victory gave them control of northeast India.
Robert Clive
architect of British victory at Plassey; established foundations of the Raj in northern India.
Presidencies
three districts that comprised the bulk of British-ruled territories in India during the early 19th century; capitals at Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay.
Princely states
ruled by Indian princes allied with the Raj; agents of the East India Company were stationed at their courts to ensure loyalty.
Nabobs
name given to British who went to India to make fortunes through graft and exploitation; returned to Britain to live richly.
Charles Cornwallis
British official who reformed East India Company corruption during the 1790s.
Isandhlwana (1879)
Zulu defeat of a British army; one of the few indigenous victories over 19th-century European armies.
Tropical dependencies
Western European possessions in Africa, Asia, and the South Pacific where small numbers of Europeans ruled large indigenous populations.
White Dominions
a type of settlement colony—as in North America and Australia—where European settlers made up the majority of the population.
Settler colonies
colonies—as South Africa, New Zealand, Algeria, Kenya, and Hawaii—where minority European populations lived among majority indigenous peoples.
White racial supremacy
belief in the inherent superiority of whites over the rest of humanity; peaked in the period before World War I.
Great Trek
migration into the South African interior of thousands of Afrikaners seeking to escape British control.
