Chapter 23: Nutrition and Vitamins

Question 1

Nutrition

Answer 1

Ingestion and utilization of food by which growth, repair, and maintenance of body functions are accomplished

Question 2

Nutrients

Answer 2

Substances not produced in acceptable amounts in the body

Question 3

Types of assays

Answer 3

Functional (indirect), direct

Question 4

Functional (indirect) assay

Answer 4

Increased or decreased activity of reactions, cell response to inhibitors, activators that will reflect alteration in vitamin concentrations

Question 5

Direct assay

Answer 5

Methods that can detect and quantitate specific vitamins and possibly their respective metabolites

Question 6

Prothrombin clotting time (PT)

Answer 6

Useful to evaluate vitamin K; normal PT indicates sufficient vitamin K

Question 7

Types of instruments used for vitamin analysis

Answer 7

Spectrophotometers, fluorometers, gas and liquid chromatographs, mass spectrometers

Question 8

Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency

Answer 8

Associated with megaloblastic anemia

Question 9

Vitamin C deficiency

Answer 9

Associated with scurvy

Question 10

Vitamin K deficiency

Answer 10

Associated with an elevated PT and prolonged bleeding

Question 11

Fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 11

Vitamins A, D, E, K

Question 12

Vitamin A (retinol)

Answer 12

Useful for proper functioning of the retina, growth of bone, and reproduction/embryonic development

Question 13

Vitamin A deficiency

Answer 13

Nyctalopia (night blindness), Bitot’s spots

Question 14

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 14

Associated with rickets

Question 15

Vitamin E

Answer 15

Protects the body against the effects of free radicals

Question 16

Water-soluble vitamins

Answer 16

Vitamin B12, folic acid, and vitamin C

Question 17

Pernicious anemia

Answer 17

Due to decreased secretion of intrinsic factor

Question 18

Intrinsic factor

Answer 18

Required for vitamin B12 absorption

Question 19

Folic acid deficiency

Answer 19

Associated with megaloblastic anemia