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Clinical Chemistry > Chapter 22: Toxic Substances > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Toxic Substances Flashcards

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1
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); anti-inflammatory effects, analgesic effects, and antipyretic effects

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2
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

Rare disorder in children caused by aspirin, a salicylate

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3
Q

Ethanol

A

Can cause liver failure

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4
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

Binding affinity is 200-240 times greater than oxygen, can bind to hemoglobin very tightly

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5
Q

Drugs of abuse urine (DAU) screening tests

A

Thin layer chromatography, immunoassays (EMIT, FPIA)

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6
Q

Drugs of abuse urine (DAU) quantitative analysis tests

A

GC, HPLC, GC-MS

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7
Q

Amphetamines

A

Psychomotor stimulants

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8
Q

Barbiturates

A

Drowsiness, sleepiness

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9
Q

Cannabinoids

A

THC-COOH is the primary metabolite detected in urine drug screening

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10
Q

Cocaine

A

Qualitative screening test is designed to detect the metabolite benzoylecgonine

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11
Q

Methadone

A

Classified as a narcotic analgesic drug or opiate

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12
Q

Opiate

A

Any substance that produces morphine-like effects that are blocked by antagonists; immunoassays are designed to detect morphine and codeine at a cutoff concentration (sensitive)

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13
Q

Phencyclidine (PCP)

A

Psychedelic or hallucinogenic drugs; classified into two groups: drugs with a chemical resemblance to neurotransmitters and drugs that are unrelated to neurotransmitters

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14
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)

A

Immunoassays for quantitative TCAs in serum and urinary TCA qualitative screening are often provided

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15
Q

Urine specimen validity

A

Depends on specific gravity; diluted urine will have creatinine and specific gravity that are lower than expected, while substituted urine will have extremely low specific gravity values

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16
Q

Specific gravity of water

A

1

17
Q

Lead exposure

A

Most commonly occurs through ingestion or inhalation

18
Q

Absorbed lead that is not excreted is exchanged among three compartments

A

Blood, soft tissue, and mineralizing tissues

19
Q

Sources of lead exposure

A

Occupational exposure, environmental exposure, hobby exposure

20
Q

Lead can induce two types of anemia

A

Acute lead exposure: hemolytic anemia, chronic lead exposure: hypochromic microcytic anemia

Clinical Chemistry (13 decks)

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