Chapter 23- Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three levels of cardiovascular systems, from simplest to most complex? What are the characteristics of each?

A

Gastrovascular cavity: cilia circulate fluid in the cavity to all cells
Open Circulatory System: open ended vessels, no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid (heart pumps blood and fluid)
Closed Circulatory System: blood confined to vessels, does not mix with interstitial fluid

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2
Q

How many chambers does the heart have, what are they called, and what are their functions?

A

The heart has four chambers: two atria, which receive blood from the veins, and two ventricles, which pump blood into the arteries.

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3
Q

List all of the areas a drop of blood would go through, starting at the left ventricle, to get back to the same spot.

A

Left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, body, vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle

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4
Q

List all deoxygenated areas of the cardiovascular system

A

Vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary artery

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5
Q

List all oxygenated areas in the cardiovascular system.

A

Lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic was semilunar valve, aorta

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6
Q

What percentage of blood is plasma? What is plasma made up of?

A

55% water, salts, proteins, nutrients

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7
Q

What percentage of blood is formed elements? What makes up formed elements?

A

45% red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

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8
Q

What is the purpose of red blood cells?

A

To carry oxygen using hemoglobin

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9
Q

What is the purpose of white blood cells?

A

Immune defense

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10
Q

What is the purpose of platelets?

A

To clot at open wounds to prevent blood loss

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11
Q

What is the purpose of EKG?

A

To measure the electrical conducting of heat

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12
Q

What is the formula for blood pressure?

A

Systole/diastole (systole over diastole)

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13
Q

What does systole mean? What does diastole mean?

A

Systole means the contraction of the heart. Diastole means the relaxation of the heart.

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14
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart, usually oxygen rich, branch into arterioles

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15
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood toward the heart, usually oxygen poor, branch into venules

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16
Q

Capillaries

A

Between arteries and veins, gas exchange

17
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

A plaque build up in the artery walls, obstructing blood flow and causing the arteries to stretch and harden.

18
Q

What is hypertension?

A

High blood pressure, causing the heart to work harder, which weakens and damages it, and increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and heart failure.

19
Q

What is a myocardial infarction?

A

Heart attack. Caused by blockage of arteries leading to the heart, and causing part of the heart to die due to lack of oxygen

20
Q

What is cerebral vascular accident?

A

Stroke, caused by blockage of the blood vessels leading to brain, causing part of the brain to die due to lack of oxygen. Common symptoms are paralysis, confused speech, and loss of vision.