Chapter 23- Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are the three levels of cardiovascular systems, from simplest to most complex? What are the characteristics of each?

Answer 1

Gastrovascular cavity: cilia circulate fluid in the cavity to all cells
Open Circulatory System: open ended vessels, no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid (heart pumps blood and fluid)
Closed Circulatory System: blood confined to vessels, does not mix with interstitial fluid

Question 2

How many chambers does the heart have, what are they called, and what are their functions?

Answer 2

The heart has four chambers: two atria, which receive blood from the veins, and two ventricles, which pump blood into the arteries.

Question 3

List all of the areas a drop of blood would go through, starting at the left ventricle, to get back to the same spot.

Answer 3

Left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, body, vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle

Question 4

List all deoxygenated areas of the cardiovascular system

Answer 4

Vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary artery

Question 5

List all oxygenated areas in the cardiovascular system.

Answer 5

Lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic was semilunar valve, aorta

Question 6

What percentage of blood is plasma? What is plasma made up of?

Answer 6

55% water, salts, proteins, nutrients

Question 7

What percentage of blood is formed elements? What makes up formed elements?

Answer 7

45% red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 8

What is the purpose of red blood cells?

Answer 8

To carry oxygen using hemoglobin

Question 9

What is the purpose of white blood cells?

Answer 9

Immune defense

Question 10

What is the purpose of platelets?

Answer 10

To clot at open wounds to prevent blood loss

Question 11

What is the purpose of EKG?

Answer 11

To measure the electrical conducting of heat

Question 12

What is the formula for blood pressure?

Answer 12

Systole/diastole (systole over diastole)

Question 13

What does systole mean? What does diastole mean?

Answer 13

Systole means the contraction of the heart. Diastole means the relaxation of the heart.

Question 14

Arteries

Answer 14

Carry blood away from the heart, usually oxygen rich, branch into arterioles

Question 15

Veins

Answer 15

Carry blood toward the heart, usually oxygen poor, branch into venules

Question 16

Capillaries

Answer 16

Between arteries and veins, gas exchange

Question 17

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 17

A plaque build up in the artery walls, obstructing blood flow and causing the arteries to stretch and harden.

Question 18

What is hypertension?

Answer 18

High blood pressure, causing the heart to work harder, which weakens and damages it, and increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and heart failure.

Question 19

What is a myocardial infarction?

Answer 19

Heart attack. Caused by blockage of arteries leading to the heart, and causing part of the heart to die due to lack of oxygen

Question 20

What is cerebral vascular accident?

Answer 20

Stroke, caused by blockage of the blood vessels leading to brain, causing part of the brain to die due to lack of oxygen. Common symptoms are paralysis, confused speech, and loss of vision.