Chapter 21- Digestive System

Question 1

What is the order of organs in the alimentary canal?

Answer 1

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

Question 2

What is the function of the mouth and how does it work?

Answer 2

Teeth move and grind food, tongue moves and tastes food, salivary glands wet food and contain amylase, which begins carb breakown. A bolus is formed

Question 3

What is the function of the pharynx?

Answer 3

Passage for food and air

Question 4

Esophagus

Answer 4

Connects the pharynx to the stomach, uses peristalsis to push bolus down

Question 5

Stomach

Answer 5

Mixes bolus with gastric juice (pepsin, HCl, mucus) to make chyme, pH of 2 kills microoganisms, mucus protects stomach from HCl, and a sh

Question 6

What is the order of the evolution of digestion from simplest to most complex?

Answer 6

Food vacuole, gastrovascular cavity, and alimentary canal

Question 7

Small intestine

Answer 7

Area of most absorption, has three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 8

What are villi?

Answer 8

Finger-like projections that increase absorption

Question 9

Large intestine

Answer 9

Absorbs water and solidifies waste

Question 10

Rectum

Answer 10

Stores feces, has two valves that separate feces from flatus

Question 11

Anus

Answer 11

Excretes feces, has two sphincters: internal –> involuntary, external –> voluntary

Question 12

Liver

Answer 12

Produces bile, which emulsifies fat

Question 13

Gall bladder

Answer 13

Stores bile and releases into the duodenum

Question 14

Appendix

Answer 14

Vestigial structure at the beginning of the large intestine

Question 15

Pancreas

Answer 15

Secretes pancreatic juice (enzymes and bicarbonate) into the duodenum

Question 16

Peristalsis

Answer 16

Wave-like muscle contractions

Question 17

Chyme

Answer 17

Mixture of bolus and gastric juice

Question 18

Bolus

Answer 18

A compacted and wettened ball of food prepared to pass down the asophagus

Question 19

Gastric juice

Answer 19

Pepsin, HCl, and mucus

Question 20

Pancreatic juice

Answer 20

Enzymes and bicarbonate

Question 21

Chemical vs. mechanical digestion

Answer 21

Chemical occurs in the mouth because of mucus from the salivary glands that contains amylase. Mechanical occurs in the mouth because of chewing

Question 22

What is the area of most digestion?

Answer 22

Stomach

Question 23

What is the area of most absorption?

Answer 23

Small intestine