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OOH BIOLOGY > Chapter 10- Molecular Biology Of The Gene > Flashcards

Chapter 10- Molecular Biology Of The Gene Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between purine and pyrimidine?

A

Purines have two rings: A + G, and pyrimidines have one: C, T

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2
Q

What is Chargoff’s rule?

A

Purine must match with a pyrimidine.

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3
Q

What are the steps in DNA replication?

A
  1. DNA unwinds and unzips
  2. DNA polymerase adds complimentary bases
  3. Ligase seals the Okazaki fragments together
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4
Q

What is semiconservative replication

A

One old strand and one new strand is used

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5
Q

What is helicase and what does it do?

A

A protein and unwinds and unzips the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bond between A = T and G =_ C

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6
Q

What is DNA polymerase and what does it do?

A

A protein that adds complimentary bases to the 3’ end of the DNA, polymerizes nucleotides (–> nucleic acids), and proofreads new strand of DNA

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7
Q

What is ligase?

A

A protein that seals the Okazaki fragments together

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8
Q

What is the difference between leading and lagging strands?

A

Leading strands are continuous and lagging strands are broken down into fragments (Okazaki) and have to jump back to the start to continue the strand

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9
Q

What is transcription?

A

Copying a section of DNA into RNA

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10
Q

What are the steps to transcription?

A
  1. Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at the TATA box and separates the double helix
  2. Elongation: RNA polymerase joins together RNA nucleotides (A, G, C, U) using one DNA strand as a template
  3. Termination: RNA polymerase stops at a terminator sequence
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11
Q

Transcript the following DNA strand:

TATACCGATC

A

AUAUGGCUAG

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12
Q

What is translation?

A

Decoding mRNA into proteins

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13
Q

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

A

The pentose of RNA is ribose, and the pentose of DNA is deoxyribose. RNA is single stranded, and DNA is double stranded. For one RNA’s four bases, uracil replaces thymine.

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14
Q

What are the steps in post transcriptional processing?

A
  1. Cut out introns and join leftover exons

2. Add cap and tail

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15
Q

What are the different types of RNA? What are the their functions?

A
  1. mRNA - messenger
  2. rRNA - ribosomal
  3. tRNA - transfer
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16
Q

What are restriction enzymes?

A

Bacterial enzymes that cut up invading DNA

17
Q

What is gel electrophoresis and how does it work?

A

A process used to ID DNA. An electric current pulls DNA fragments through a gel and separates them by size. The smallest go to the end of the gel faster.

18
Q

What are the 4 nucleotide bases of DNA?

A

Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine

OOH BIOLOGY (8 decks)

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