Chapter 13- Evolution Flashcards
What is the theory of evolution?
Natural selection:
V: variation- differences between organisms in a population
I: inheritance- variation must be genetic
S: selection pressure- something in the environment that increases/decreases chance of survival
T: time- long period
A: adaption- trait survives and is passed on
What are the differences between Darwin’s and LaMarck’s theories?
LaMarck believed that evolution happened because of use vs. disuse, and Darwin believed in natural selection (Darwin was right).
What is the evidence of evolution?
Homologous structures, vestigial structures, comparative embryology, DNA, and fossil records.
What is the Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium?
Allele frequencies do not change
What are the Hardy-Weinburg calculations?
p + q = 1
p(squared) + 2pq + q(squared) = 1
*p = dominant phenotype, q = recessive phenotype
What are the bottleneck and founder effects?
The bottleneck effect happens when a natural disaster leads to a smaller population.
The founder effect happens when a small group of organisms colonize a new location.
What is a cladogram?
Charts that show evolutionary relationships, based on derived characteristics
What is the purpose of dichotomous keys?
To identify organisms based on morphology
What are the three domains? What are the six kingdoms?
Domains:
eukaria- animals, plants, fungi, protists
Archea- archaebacteria
Bacteria- eubacteria
Kindoms: animalia, plantae, fungi, protista, monera
What did Darwin discover on the Galápagos Islands?
He came up with a hypothesis: new species evolved from an original ancestor species after becoming isolated from one another