Chapter 13- Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the theory of evolution?

A

Natural selection:
V: variation- differences between organisms in a population
I: inheritance- variation must be genetic
S: selection pressure- something in the environment that increases/decreases chance of survival
T: time- long period
A: adaption- trait survives and is passed on

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2
Q

What are the differences between Darwin’s and LaMarck’s theories?

A

LaMarck believed that evolution happened because of use vs. disuse, and Darwin believed in natural selection (Darwin was right).

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3
Q

What is the evidence of evolution?

A

Homologous structures, vestigial structures, comparative embryology, DNA, and fossil records.

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4
Q

What is the Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium?

A

Allele frequencies do not change

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5
Q

What are the Hardy-Weinburg calculations?

A

p + q = 1
p(squared) + 2pq + q(squared) = 1

*p = dominant phenotype, q = recessive phenotype

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6
Q

What are the bottleneck and founder effects?

A

The bottleneck effect happens when a natural disaster leads to a smaller population.
The founder effect happens when a small group of organisms colonize a new location.

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7
Q

What is a cladogram?

A

Charts that show evolutionary relationships, based on derived characteristics

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8
Q

What is the purpose of dichotomous keys?

A

To identify organisms based on morphology

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9
Q

What are the three domains? What are the six kingdoms?

A

Domains:
eukaria- animals, plants, fungi, protists
Archea- archaebacteria
Bacteria- eubacteria

Kindoms: animalia, plantae, fungi, protista, monera

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10
Q

What did Darwin discover on the Galápagos Islands?

A

He came up with a hypothesis: new species evolved from an original ancestor species after becoming isolated from one another

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