Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Apical meristems

A

Found at the tips of all roots and stems and are involved primarily w/ extension of the plant body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Initials

A

Cells that maintain the meristem as a continuing source of new cells

They divide and one of the sister cells remain in the meristem while the other becomes a new body cell or derivative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Differentiation

A

Process by which cells with identical genetic constitution become different from one another and from the meristematic cells from which they originated, behind while cell is still enlarging

Depends on gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 tissue systems

A

Ground or fundamental tissue system: Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma

Vascular tissue system: Xylem and Phleom

Dermal tissue system: epidermis and periderm

Initiated during the development of embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Totipotent

A

Cells with the Ability to become embryonic cells and to develop into an entire plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Collenchyma Tissue

A

Occurs in discrete strands or as continuous cylinders beneath the epidermis in stems and petioles(strings in celery)

Supporting tissue of growing stems, leaves, and floral parts and of most herbaceous organs that undergo little or no secondary growth

Absent in roots stems and monocot leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sclerenchyma cells

A

Fibers: long, slender cells, that occur in strands or bundles

Sclereids: variable in shape and often branched and short cells; make up seed coat, shell of nuts, and endocarp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Xylem

A

Conduct minerals, water, and food storage

In primary plant body it derives from procambium
In secondary plant body derives from vascular cambium

Primary conducting cells of xylem are tracheary elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tracheary elements

A

Tracheid and vessel elements, both are elongated cells that have secondary walls and lack protoplasts at maturity, may have pits

Vessel elements contain prefrontations: areas lacking primary and secondary walls, more efficient but less safe

Tracheid: lacks perforations, found in most seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phloem

A

Food conducting tissue of vascular plants, amino acids, lipids, micronutrients, hormones, the floral stimulus, and proteins and RNAs

Long distance signaling
Route for plant viruses

Conducting cells are sieve elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sieve elements

A

Sieve cells: only type of food conducting cell in gymnosperms, the sieve areas are uniform in structure on all walls, overlap long slender sieve cells

Sieve tube elements: some walls have larger pores than those on other walls of the same cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

P-protein

A

Originated in young sieve element in the form of discrete bodies, during late stages of differentiation they elongate and disperse along walls

Accumulate at sieve plates called slime plugs

Serves to seal sieve plate pores if wounded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Forisomes

A

Large P-protein that does not disperse during later stages of maturation

Undergo rapid and reversible calcium controlled changes from the rest stage to disperse stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Epidermis

A

The dermal tissue system of leaves, floral parts, fruits, and seeds—- stems and roots until secondary growth occurs

Site of the light perception involved in circadian leaf movement and photoperiodic induction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Guard cells of epidermis

A

Regulate small pores or stomata, movement of gases

Associates with subsidiary cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Trichomes of epidermis

A

Root hairs that facilitate the absorption of water and minerals from soil

May defend against insects

GL1 (Glabrousi) and TTG (Transparent Testa Galbraith) are genes involved in their development

17
Q

Periderm

A

Replaces the epidermis in stems and roots that undergo secondary growth

Consist largely of protective cork or phellem, cork cambium and phelloderm (a living parenchyma like tissue)