Chapter 16

Question 1

Bryophytes(moss), liverworts, mosses, and hornworts

Answer 1

Small leafy or flat plants that most often grow in moist locations in temperate and tropical rain forest or along the edges of wetlands and streams

Question 2

Bryophytes and vascular plants characteristics (Plantae)

Charophytes lack..

Answer 2

Male and female gametangia (antheridia and archegonia)

Retention of both the zygote and the developing multicellular embryo in archegonium or female gametophyte

Multicellular diploid sporophyte

Multicellular sporangia with sterile jacket layer and spore producing tissue (sporogenous)

Meiospores w/ walls containing sporolenin

Tissues produced by an apical meristem

Question 3

Bryophytes phyla

Answer 3

Marchantiophyta (Liverworts) sister to
Land plants

Bryophyta (the mosses)

Anthocerotophyta (the hornworts) ancestor to vascular plants

Question 4

Thalli (Thallus)

Answer 4

Valley are undifferentiated bodies, or bodies not differentiated into roots, leaves, and stands they are the gametophytes of hornworts and liverworts. They are generally flat and branched. They facilitate the uptake of water and carbon dioxide

Question 5

Rhizoids

Answer 5

The gametophytes of both thalloid and bryophytes s are anchored to the soil by rhizoids.

Question 6

Bryophyte plasmodesmata

Answer 6

Bryophytes tissues are interconnected by a plasmodesmata. Where are similar to those of vascular plants, having desmotubule

Question 7

Gemmae (Gemma)

Answer 7

Multicellular bodies that gives rise to the new gametophytes, asexual reproduction in liverworts and misses

Question 8

Archegonia of bryophytes

Answer 8

Flask shaped

Venter- encloses a single egg
Neck canal cells- disintegrate when the egg is mature, resulting in a fluid filled tube through which the sperm swim to the egg
matrotrophy-when the zygote is nourished by sugars, amino acid’s, and other substances from maternal gametophyte
Last is mitosis divisions

Question 9

Bryophyte placenta

Answer 9

Composed of transfers cells with an extensive labyrinth of highly branched cell wall ingrowths That vastly increase the surface area of the plasma membrane across which active nutrient transport takes place

Question 10

Components of mature sporophyte of bryophyte

Answer 10

Foot, seta or stalk, capsule, or sporangium

Question 11

Embryophytes

Answer 11

Multicellular, matrotrophic embryo in all groups of plants

matrotrophy And a plant placenta fuel the production of a many celled diploid sporophyte, age so it is genetically equivalent to the fertilized egg

Question 12

Sporopollenin

Answer 12

Decay and chemical resistant by polymer that enable bryophyte spores to survive dispersal through the air from one moist site to another.

Question 13

Protonemata

Answer 13

Characteristic of all mosses and some liverworts, not in hornworts; where bryophyte spores Germinate to form juvenile developmental stages, gametophytes and gametangia develop

Question 14

two clades of liverwort

Answer 14

Complex thalloid liverwort- internal tissue differentiation

Leafy liverwort and simple liverwort- Consist of ribbons of relatively undifferentiated tissue

Question 15

Marchantia (leafy liverwort)

Answer 15

The gametangia are Borne in gametophores or gametangiophores

The antheridia are borne on antheridiophores, archegonia borne on archegoniophores

The Gemmae are produced in Gemma cups- on dorsal surface of gametophyte and dispersed by splashes of rain

Question 16

Mosses classes (3): phylum bryophyta

Answer 16

Sphagnidae (the peat mosses): Genera sphagnum and ambuchanania

Andreaeidae (granite mosses): Genera Andreaea and andreaeobryum

Bryidae (true moss):

Question 17

Sphagnum leaf cells

Answer 17

• Hyaline or hyslocysts cells: Large, dead cells with ringlike and spiral wall thickenings
• Narrow green, red pigmented living cells w/ discoid chloroplasts

Surrounded by layer of photosynthetic cells, and hold water

Question 18

Hadrom

Answer 18

In many mosses the stems of the gametophytes and sporophytes have this central strand of water conducting tissue

Question 19

Hydroids

Answer 19

Water conducting cells With inclined and was there or thin and highly permeable to water, lack a protoplast at maturity and lignin

Question 20

Leptoids

Answer 20

Moss food conducting cells that surround the strand of hydroids, they are elongated cells with inclined walls and small pores and living protoplasts with the degenerate nuclei

Question 21

Sexual cycle of mosses

Answer 21

Similar to liverwort and hornworts

Involves the production of male and female gametangia, and unbranched matrotrophic sporophyte, and specialized spore dispersal processes

Question 22

Moss peristome

Answer 22

After the protective calyptra falls off, the operculum Of the capsule first off, revealing a ring of teeth which is the peristome

These teeth and curl with dry air and curl up with moist air. When they move they expose the spores which are to be released

Question 23

Epiphytes

Answer 23

Masses that he in masses from the branches of trees in the forest and tropical cloud, are not parasitic

Question 24

Hornworts: phylum anthocerotophyta

Answer 24

The cells of most species usually have a single large chloroplast with a pyrenoid, The apical cell contains a single plastid, unisexual or bisexual, lacks seta

Nostoc- Within large intercellular spaces colonies of filamentous cyanobacteria Within large in within large intercellular spaces colonies of filamentous cyanobacteria Nostoc embedded in mucilage. Is it fixates nitrogen and supplies it to its host