Chapter 1

Question 1

Stromatolites

Answer 1

Fossilized microbial mats consisting of layers of filamentous and other microorganisms and trapped sediment

Still formed today in warm shallow oceans (Australia, Bahamas)

Modern ones are formed by Cyanobacteria

Question 2

Heterotrophs

Answer 2

Organism that is dependent on an outside source of organic molecules for its energy

Animals, fungi, and many of the one celled organisms such as bacteria and protists

Question 3

Autotrophs

Answer 3

Cells that evolved and were able to make their own energy rich molecules out of inorganic materials

Without them earth would’ve came to an End

Most successful could use photosynthesis (Sun)

Question 4

Respiration

Answer 4

Oxygen utilizing process that enables organisms to break down molecules

Yields for more energy than can be extracted by any anaerobic (oxygenless) process

Question 5

Prokaryotic

Answer 5

Simple cells that lack a nuclear envelope and did not have genetic material organize it’s a complex chromosomes, existed before the atmosphere accumulated oxygen

Firsts were heat loving archaea

Question 6

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 6

Cells with nuclear envelopes, complex chromosomes, and organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts surrounded by membranes

Appeared 2.1 billion years ago

Question 7

Stomata

Answer 7

Specialize epidermal cells with small openings between them. They can open and close in response to environmental and physiological signals, hoping the plant maintain a balance between his water loss and oxygen/carbon dioxide requirements

Question 8

Annuals

Answer 8

Plants with a life span of one year

Question 9

Perennials

Answer 9

Longer lived plants, Stem may become thickened and Woody and covered with court which retards water loss

Question 10

Vascular system

Answer 10

Xylem- where water passes upward through the plant body

Phloem- Food manufactured in the leaves and other photosynthetic parts of plant is transported throughout plant body

Question 11

Meristems

Answer 11

Where all plant growth originates, embryonic tissue regions capable of leading sales in definitely to the plant body

Located at tips of all roots and shoots

Question 12

Apical meristems

Answer 12

Involved with the extension of plant body known as primary growth

Question 13

Lateral meristems

Answer 13

Secondary growth; the vascular cambium and cork cambium

Question 14

Botany or Plant Biology

Answer 14

Study of prokaryotes, fungi, and algae

Question 15

Genomics

Answer 15

Study of content, organization, and function of genetic information in genomes

Question 16

Economic botany

Answer 16

Study of past, present, and future uses of plants by people

Question 17

Ethnobotany

Answer 17

Study of the uses of plants for medicine

Question 18

Ecology

Answer 18

Study of relationship between organisms and their environment

Question 19

Paleobotany

Answer 19

Study of the biology and evolution of fossil plants

Question 20

Phtyoremediation

Answer 20

To stimulate the growth of plants, to determine their place, to control weeds and crops, it’s a form hybrids between plants

Question 21

Transgenic plants

Answer 21

Plants that Contain genes from entirely different species, can be made to exhibit you an extraordinary properties