Chapter 2.3 Flashcards
Explain organic compounds
Contain carbon atoms and are found in living things
How many bonds can carbon atoms readily make?
4
What do Carbon bonds allow carbon atoms to form?
A wide variety of simple and complex organic compounds
What are functional groups?
Groups of atoms that influence the properties of molecules and the chemical reactions in which the molecules participate
What is a condensation reaction?
Joins monomers to form polymers - releases water as a by product
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Water is used to split polymers into monomers
What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
Stores and releases energy during cell processes, enabling organisms to function
What are carbohydrates?
Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1 carbon, 2 hydrogen, and 1 oxygen atom.
What are carbohydrates used for?
Source of energy and are used as structural materials in organisms
What is the monomer of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
When 2 monosaccharides join, what forms?
A double sugar called disaccharide
How does a complex sugar form?
When three monosaccharides join to form a polysaccharide
What is a protein?
Organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
What are a proteins function?
Structural, defensive, and catalytic
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
What is the function of amino acids and how many are there?
Determined the proteins shape and function, 20 - 8 are essential
What do 2 amino acids form?
Dipeptide
What is a long chain of amino acids called?
Polypeptide
What are enzymes?
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
What does the binding of a substrate with an enzyme cause?
A change in the enzymes shape and reduces the activation energy of the reaction
What is a lipid
No polar molecules that store energy and are an important part of cell membranes
What is a fatty acid
I branches carbon molecules that have a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic endo
What does a triglycerides consist of?
3 fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol
What do phospholipids make up and what do they consist of
The cell membrane, 2 fatty acids one glycerol molecule
What is a wax?
On long fatty acid chain joined to one long alcohol
What is a steroid composed of?
Four fused carbon rings
What is a nucleic acid
Large and complex organic molecule that stores and transports information
What does the nucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contain?
Genetic information for a cell
What can ribonucleic acid (RNA) do?
Play many key roles in building of proteins and can act as enzymes
How do enzymes work?
The substrate moves toward the enzymes active sites, the chemical reaction is triggered by the enzyme, the enzyme releases the product.
How is water a temperature stabilizer?
Hydrogen bonds in water allow it to absorb and release heat energy more slowly than many other substances.
What type of molecules readily dissolve in water and why?
Polar be issue water is polar
What is cohesion?
Water molecules attracted to each other
What is adhesion?
Water molecules attracted to other molecules
