Chapter 2.3

Question 1

Explain organic compounds

Answer 1

Contain carbon atoms and are found in living things

Question 2

How many bonds can carbon atoms readily make?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

What do Carbon bonds allow carbon atoms to form?

Answer 3

A wide variety of simple and complex organic compounds

Question 4

What are functional groups?

Answer 4

Groups of atoms that influence the properties of molecules and the chemical reactions in which the molecules participate

Question 5

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 5

Joins monomers to form polymers - releases water as a by product

Question 6

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 6

Water is used to split polymers into monomers

Question 7

What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Answer 7

Stores and releases energy during cell processes, enabling organisms to function

Question 8

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 8

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1 carbon, 2 hydrogen, and 1 oxygen atom.

Question 9

What are carbohydrates used for?

Answer 9

Source of energy and are used as structural materials in organisms

Question 10

What is the monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 10

Monosaccharides

Question 11

When 2 monosaccharides join, what forms?

Answer 11

A double sugar called disaccharide

Question 12

How does a complex sugar form?

Answer 12

When three monosaccharides join to form a polysaccharide

Question 13

What is a protein?

Answer 13

Organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 14

What are a proteins function?

Answer 14

Structural, defensive, and catalytic

Question 15

What is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 15

Amino acids

Question 16

What is the function of amino acids and how many are there?

Answer 16

Determined the proteins shape and function, 20 - 8 are essential

Question 17

What do 2 amino acids form?

Answer 17

Dipeptide

Question 18

What is a long chain of amino acids called?

Answer 18

Polypeptide

Question 19

What are enzymes?

Answer 19

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions

Question 20

What does the binding of a substrate with an enzyme cause?

Answer 20

A change in the enzymes shape and reduces the activation energy of the reaction

Question 21

What is a lipid

Answer 21

No polar molecules that store energy and are an important part of cell membranes

Question 22

What is a fatty acid

Answer 22

I branches carbon molecules that have a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic endo

Question 23

What does a triglycerides consist of?

Answer 23

3 fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol

Question 24

What do phospholipids make up and what do they consist of

Answer 24

The cell membrane, 2 fatty acids one glycerol molecule

Question 25

What is a wax?

Answer 25

On long fatty acid chain joined to one long alcohol

Question 26

What is a steroid composed of?

Answer 26

Four fused carbon rings

Question 27

What is a nucleic acid

Answer 27

Large and complex organic molecule that stores and transports information

Question 28

What does the nucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contain?

Answer 28

Genetic information for a cell

Question 29

What can ribonucleic acid (RNA) do?

Answer 29

Play many key roles in building of proteins and can act as enzymes

Question 30

How do enzymes work?

Answer 30

The substrate moves toward the enzymes active sites, the chemical reaction is triggered by the enzyme, the enzyme releases the product.

Question 31

How is water a temperature stabilizer?

Answer 31

Hydrogen bonds in water allow it to absorb and release heat energy more slowly than many other substances.

Question 32

What type of molecules readily dissolve in water and why?

Answer 32

Polar be issue water is polar

Question 33

What is cohesion?

Answer 33

Water molecules attracted to each other

Question 34

What is adhesion?

Answer 34

Water molecules attracted to other molecules