Celluar Respiration And Fermentation

Question 1

What is a mitochondrial disease?

Answer 1

Genetic mutation in mitochondria

Question 2

What is the connection between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen which is used in cellular respiration. Cellular respiration then produces carbon dioxide and water which plants need

Question 3

Define cellular respiration

Answer 3

Process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP in plants and animals

Question 4

What is the formula for cellular respiration

Answer 4

C6H12O6 + O2 = ATP + H2O + CO2

Glucose + oxygen = ATP + water + carbon dioxide

Question 5

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

Answer 5

To change glucose into ATP

Question 6

What are thee three stages of cellular respiration? Are they aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 6

Glycolysis - anaerobic
Citric acid cycle - aerobic
Electron Transport Chain- aerobic

Question 7

What does anaerobic and aerobic mean?

Answer 7

Anaerobic - no oxygen

Aerobic - oxygen

Question 8

What does glycolysis do?

Answer 8

Breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvate

Question 9

What does glycolysis use in the reactions?

Answer 9

Enzymes

Question 10

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 10

Cytosol

Question 11

What does glycolysis produce and what are they used for?

Answer 11

2 pyruvate - used in the citric acid cycle

2 ATP- energy for the cell

2 NADH - electron carrier

Question 12

What happens after glycolysis?

Answer 12

Pyruvate enters the mitochondria

Question 13

What does every turn in the citric acid cycle yeild?

Answer 13

1 ATP
4 NADH
1 FADH2
Byproduct: 3 CO2

Question 14

How many times does the citric acid cycle turn per glucose molecule?

Answer 14

2

Question 15

After the second turn what does the citric acid cycle yield?

Answer 15

2 ATP
8 NADH
2 FADH2
Byproduct: 6 CO2

Question 16

What electron carriers are used in the electron transport chain?

Answer 16

NADH

FADH2

Question 17

What is the purpose and function of the electron transport chain?

Answer 17

Use electron carriers to pass electrons down the chain and slowly release energy to form ATP and water molecules

Question 18

What part of cellular respiration transfers the most energy? How much is it?

Answer 18

Electron transport chain

32-34 ATP

Question 19

Overall how much ATP is made during cellular respiration?

Answer 19

36-38

Question 20

What is fermentation?

Answer 20

Anaerobic respiration that can follow glycolysis instead to produce energy - used when oxygen is not available

Question 21

Why isn’t fermentation used more often than cellular respiration?

Answer 21

Not as efficient, produces far fewer ATP

Question 22

What are the 2 types of fermentation?

Answer 22

Lactic acid fermentation

Alcoholic fermentation

Question 23

When does lactic acid fermentation occur

Answer 23

In muscle cells during exercise when a lot of energy is required and oxygen is scarce

Question 24

What are the reactants and products of lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 24

Reactants: glucose and pyruvic acid

Products: lactic acid and ATP

Question 25

Where is lactic acid cover yes to from the muscle cells?

Answer 25

The liver where it is converted back into pyruvic acid

Question 26

Where is lactic acid fermentation often found?

Answer 26

Food - yogurt, sauerkraut, kimchi

Question 27

What are the reactants and products of alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 27

Reactants: glucose, pyruvic acid Products: alcohol (ethanol), carbon dioxide, ATP

Question 28

What are examples of types of cells that can undergo alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 28

Yeast and bacteria

Question 29

What causes bread to rise?

Answer 29

Bubbles formed by the CO2 from alcoholic fermentation

Question 30

What turns grape juice into wine?

Answer 30

The alcohol released from alcoholic fermentation

Question 31

Why would organisms ever need to undergo fermentation?

Answer 31

If oxygen is unavailable

Question 32

During glycolysis glucose is...

Answer 32

Partially broken down and some of its stored energy is released

Question 33

Both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation produce...

Answer 33

NAD+ from NADH and H+

Question 34

The efficiency of glycolysis is about...

Answer 34

2%

Question 35

The anaerobic pathways provide enough energy to meet all of the energy needs of...

Answer 35

Many unicellular and multi-cellular organisms

Question 36

What are the energy containing products of glycolysis?

Answer 36

ATP NADH pyruvic acid

Question 37

The starting substance of the citric acid cycle which is regenerated at the end of the cycle is...

Answer 37

Oxaloacetic acid

Question 38

The electron transport chain...

Answer 38

Generates O2 from h2O

Question 39

The maximum efficiency of aerobic respiration is...

Answer 39

39%

Question 40

In the citric acid cycle, what molecule acquires most of the beefy that is released by the oxidation of acetyl CoA and how many of these molecules are produced during each turn?

Answer 40

NADH - 3 molecules

Question 41

Which reactions of aerobic respiration occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 41

Electron transport chain

Question 42

How is the structure of mitochondria well adapted for the activities it carries out?

Answer 42

It has a large surface area which means more room for the electron transport chain which means more ATP produced