Chapter 23 Flashcards
What were the problems with creating nationalism?
Thought it was already there Had a - "Now we just have to get together" mind set NO Needed to be created Different dialects and communications
How was nationalism created?
Symbols Flags Industrialization led to better communication (standardize language) Mass education Mass celebrations
Explain Liberalism.
Class interests of Capitalism What they wanted... Representative government Individual freedoms such as press, speech, assembly, and arbitrary arrest Equality before the law Laissez-faire -unrestricted private enterprise- no government interference -Adam Smith -classical liberalism -free economy- wealth for all
What was the Congress of Vienna?
1815
Quadruple Alliance- Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia
Want to establish a balance of power
Concern over all of France’s new power
-reduced to 1792 boundaries (Bourbon Dynasty)
-still had more land
-fairly easy on them
-Prussia given a buffer zone in the Rhineland
Belgium and Holland unified under one monarchy (only lasted until 1848)
Prussia and Russia
-Russia wants to restore Poland
-Prussia says yes, if they can have Saxony
-Messing up balance of power- Metternich freaks out
-Moderate the demand- both get PARTS of each
Napoleon escapes from Elba
-defeat at Waterloo
2nd Peace of Paris
-Louis XVIII restored
-Lost a little territory
-7 million francs indemnity
-large army for 5 years
How was balance of power maintained?
Congress of Vienna redistributed land
Who was the Holy Alliance and what was their purpose?
Austria, Prussia, and Russia
Led by Metternich
Fight the rising liberalism
French and Austrian troops invade Spain and Two Sicilies to suppress liberal uprisings and restore monarchs
Symbol of repression of revolutionary movements
Crusade against liberalism
Conservatism
Who was Metternich?
Landed aristocracy- Foreign Minister of Austria
Formed the Holy Alliance
-fight against liberalism and for conservatism
Fear nationalism would crumble the empire
Liberalism- is blood and war
-Blames the middle class for stirring up lower classes
Carlsbad Decrees
-1819
-Created at Congress of Vienna- German Confederation
-Must root out all subversive ideas in universities and newspapers
-permanent committee of spies
-punish liberal actions
How was Greek independence achieved and what were it’s problems?
Greek nationalists fought for freedom from the Turks of the Ottoman Empire
Greeks won the support of Britain, France, Russia, and America
-liked their classics- learned from them so they should be free
-Russian orthodox brothers
-creative people-romantic impulse
Won in 1830
Highly opposed by Metternich
Problems-
-Metternich was trying to keep everyone down- no more boundary changes, worried hi empire would break up
How was nationalism a problem within the Austrian empire?
Heard about what happened in France and were inspired
Too many ethnic groups conflicted
-ex- Slavs don’t want Hungarians
Explain the revolution in the Austrian Empire.
Beginning- Hungary demands -National autonomy -Full civil liberties -Universal manhood suffrage Monarchy in Vienna hesitates -Urban workers and students protest -Peasant disorder
March 20th 1848- Ferdinand I
- Capitulated
- Promise reforms- abolish serfdom and feudal services
Peasants happy and lose interest in politics
-Coalition of classes begins to break
Metternich flees
Alliance further driven apart when the workers want national workshops
How were revolutionaries in Austria defeated?
Sophia- most responsible for repressive measures -gets peasants on her side -defeat at Prague Francis Joseph on the Throne Nick I of Russia subdues Hungary
After Austria, what was the most important German state?
Prussia- Second seat to Austria
Metternich was influential
What were the 2 competing classes in Britain?
The Whig and Tory Parties
STUDY NOTECARDS
ESPECIALLY CORN LAWS
Why was there a “Battle of Peterloo”?
In retaliation to the Six Acts and the Corn Laws Peaceful gathering at St. Peter's field -Large, afraid a riot may begin Broken up by armed cavalry Protest by working class
