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AP European History- By Chapter 19-24 > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the more common type of family in Europe?

A

Nuclear family

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2
Q

in the 17th century, when did people typically marry and why?

A

Older
No marriage until they could support themselves economically
Sons needed to wait until father dies and gets land
Daughter needed to wait until they gather a dowry

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3
Q

Within families, what did boys and girls do?

A

Boys plowed

Girls spun and tended to cattle

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4
Q

Where did boys go when leaving home?

A

Towns as an apprentice
-No marriage, several years
More often- drift from job to job

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5
Q

Where did girls work outside of home?

A

Servants in another family

  • Low wages paid to parents with hard work
  • No laws to restrict exploitation
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6
Q

When was the illegitimacy explosion?

A

1750s-1800s

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7
Q

Why was there an illegitimacy explosion?

A

Fewer men married the woman he got pregnant
Cottage Industry- not tied to the land, don’t wait to inherit, marry for love- not economy
-But still too unstable

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8
Q

What was the view on breastfeeding?

A

Done by poor mothers- good for baby- less likely to die, nutritious, but time consuming
Rich mothers- undignified

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9
Q

What is a wet-nurse?

A

Hired by richer mothers
A nurse with a child of her own is hired to breastfeed the baby for the mother
Could be negligent and greedy

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10
Q

What are killing nurses?

A

Wet-nurses who purposely let the child die so they could take the money and move on to the next pay

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11
Q

What is infanticide?

A

Deliberate killing of a baby (often girls) because the family is incapable of feeding and raising them
Or leave them at the Church doorstep

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12
Q

Who was Saint Vincent de Paul?

A

Established the first Foundling home

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13
Q

What was a Foundling home?

A

Home for abandoned babies to prevent infanticide
Favorite charity of the rich
Many came, but few left

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14
Q

Were children of great concern to their parents?

A

No

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15
Q

What were the mid-1800s changes in child care?

A

Rousseau- love, tenderness, support foundlings, nurse babies, no swaddling,new teaching methods

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16
Q

Who led the new interest in education?

A

Prussia

17
Q

What group had colleges?

A

Jesuits

18
Q

What was elementary education?

A

Ages 7-12
Basic literature and religion
Promoted by religious reformers

19
Q

What was the diet of the poor?

A

Grains and gruel
Vegetables- beans, peas, cabbage, carrots, and wild greens, then dried for the winter months
Meat- too expensive and deprived of hunting rights
Did not like milk

20
Q

What was the diet of the rich?

A

Carnivores
Fish and meat
No vegetables
Sweets, cheeses, and nuts

21
Q

What disease did the poor get?

A

Scurvy- rot gums, swell limbs, and weaken body

22
Q

What disease did the rich get?

A

Gout

23
Q

How did diets begin to change?

A

Potato- Vitamins A and C, carbs, calories, first in Ireland
White bread- less nutritious
Growing sugar consumption

24
Q

What are faith healers?

A

Use exorcism
Sickness- evil demons inside a person
Religious relics, prayer, and laying of hands
Most effective with mental disorders

25
Q

What are apothecaries?

A

Sold herbs, drugs, and patent medicine
Complex prescriptions
Dangerous purging and bloodletting

26
Q

Who were physicians?

A

Men who were apprenticed in teen years from prosperous families
Experiment new methods
Bloodletting

27
Q

Who were surgeons?

A

Medical and social progress
Anatomy studied seriously
Army battlefields- where they learned
Unclean- infections and death

28
Q

Who were midwives?

A

Older widowed women
Trained by other midwives
Birthed babies and helped out with women
Attacked continually by surgeons in witch hunts

29
Q

What were hospitals like before reform?

A 
No isolation
Nurses- ignorant, greedy, and drunk
Surgery in bed
No fresh air 
Disease and infection spread
30
Q

What was the reform of the hospitals?

A

Ventilation

31
Q

What did Tuke say?

A

Reform mental hospitals
Previous- discipline, bleeding, and cold water, chains
1790- patients, not prisoners

32
Q

What is a lunatic?

A

Craziness caused by the moonlight

33
Q

What did Lady Wortley Montagu do?

A

Smallpox inoculation- pop the puss

34
Q

What did Edward Jenner do?

A

Use cowpox to stop smallpox

35
Q

STUDY NOTECARDS!!!!

A

DO IT!!!

AP European History- By Chapter 19-24 (6 decks)

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