Chapter 21 Flashcards
Be able to explain the three Estates of France.
1st- Clergymen
2nd- Nobles
-manorial rights
3rd- Everyone else
-A-Bourgeoisie- middle class town people who were merchants, bankers, lawyers, and doctors
-B-Artisans and laborers- craftsmen, no land owned
-C-Peasants-90%- farmers, felt the impact of heavy taxes
Why were there economic problems in France before the Revolution?
After the 7 Years' War and the American War of Independence, the French government was nearly bankrupt 50%-interest on loans 20% on Military 6% Versailles Unable to cancel debt
How did the American Revolution influence the French Revolution?
French soldiers who served were inspired
According to Sieyes, “What is the Third Estate”?
Said that the Third Estate is the strength of France because they bring in the money and needed supplies with crops and farming
What was the role of woman during the early French Revolution?
The March to Versailles
-7,000 women
-Nobles fled and they had lost their jobs- want bread
-Force Louis and his family to live back in Paris
Others advocate for women’s rights
Why did the Estates General need to meet?
The King wanted to establish a new tax on all land owners
1st- call the Assembly of Notables (1st and 2nd Estate)- rejected
Had to call the Estates General for the first time since 1614
Grievance petitions- all three Estates were calling for a constitutional monarchy
Third Estate were lawyers and government officials- knew the law
Who were the men representing the Third Estate?
The Bourgeois Middle class lawyers and government officers
Why did the Third Estate become the National Assembly?
Intense debate over the voting procedure
Angry w/ only one vote, even though they represented the majority
Left the meeting- locked out of the room to the tennis courts
What is the Tennis Court Oath?
Established the National Assembly
Vowed to continue meeting until they had a new constitution
What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man guarantee?
Men are born and remain free and equal Equality before the law Individual freedom Representative government Innocent until proven guilty
Who was Olympe de Gouges?
“Declaration of Rights of Women and Female Citizen”
Critical of Robespierre
Female rights- protest in pamphlets
How was the Limited Constitutional Monarchy (LCM) a move to the left?
Reforms 1. Women's rights Seek divorce Inherit property Support for illegitimate kids BUT No government Stay home 2. Freedom of religion 3. Reorganize provinces into 83 departments 4. Establish a metric system 5. Paper currency- Assignats 6. Abolition of monopolies, guilds, and internal tariffs Freer trade 7. Abolition as nobility as a legal order 8. Nationalize the Church property nationalized clergy swear an oath of allegiance to French government
How was the LCM structured?
Constitution Three branches -Executive- Louis -Legislative- Legislative assembly -Judicial- Parlement White male property owners vote
Who was going to war against France during the French Revolution and why?
Austria and Prussia- 1792
-Declaration of Pillnitz- protect the monarchy, alliance intervention into France, afraid they would spread revolution
-War on Habsburgs
1793-94- rest of Europe
Why did the LCM change to a Republic?
Angry at the King’s attempt to flee, so they executed him
