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Physics - IGCSE > Chapter 22 - (The nuclear atom) > Flashcards

Chapter 22 - (The nuclear atom) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are atoms?

A

building blocks of all matters.

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2
Q

What is the size of matter?

A

radius of 1 x 10-10 m

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3
Q

What do atoms contain?

A
  • dense nucleus at center
  • electrons orbit around nucleus
  • positively charges nuclei
  • negatively charges electrons
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4
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford to investigate the Plum Pudding model?

A
  • a beam of alpha particles (He 2+ ions) were directed at a thin gold foil
  • expected the alpha particles to travel through gold foil and change direction, small amount.
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5
Q

What did Ernest discover from the Plum pudding experiment?

A
  • most alpha particles passed straight through foil
  • some alpha particles changed direction but continued through a foil
  • a few aloha particles bounced back off the gold foil
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6
Q

What was observed when a-particles are fired at thin gold foil?

A

Most of them go through but a very small number bounce straight back

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

Why do majority A particles go straight through the thin gold foil?

A

Atom is mainly empty space

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9
Q

Why do some a - particles deflect through small angles?

A

Positive a - particles are repelled by positive nucleus which contains most of its mass.

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10
Q

Why is a very small number of a - particles deflected straight back?

A

Nucleus is extremely small.

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11
Q

Define ion.

A

An electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons

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12
Q

How is a stable atom electrically neutral?

A

Same number of protons and electrons

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13
Q

How are positive and negative ions formed?

A

Positive ions - lose electrons ( more protons)

Negative ions - gain electrons (more electrons)

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14
Q

What is the structure made up of?

A
  • positively charged nucleus at the center made up of protons and neutrons
  • negatively charged electrons orbit around the nucleus
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15
Q

Why does the nucleus have a positive charge?

A
  • Neutrons have no charge
  • Protons have a positive charge
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16
Q

What does proton number determine?

A

The atomic number

17
Q

What is the symbol for proton number?

A

Z

18
Q

What is the symbol for nucleon numeber?

A

A

19
Q

how is nucleon numbed or mama number determined?

A

Protons + neutrons

20
Q

What is the symbol for Element?

A

X

21
Q

What is a nuclide notation?

A

A group of atoms containing same number of protons and neutrons

22
Q

What does the term nucleon mean?

A

A particle in the nucleus

23
Q

What does the term nuclide mean?

A

a nucleus with a specific notation

24
Q

Define isotopes.

A

Atoms of the same element that have an equal number of protons but a different number of neutrons

25
Q

How do isotopes tend to be?

A

Unstable due to imbalance of protons and neutrons

More unlikely to decay

26
Q

What is relative mass’s use and units?

A
  • way of comparing particles
  • measured in atomic mass unit (amu)
27
Q

What is the fundamental charge used for?

A

equal to the size of the charge on a proton and an electron

28
Q

What is the charge of proton, neutron, electrons?

A

Proton = +1
Neutrons = 0
Electrons = -1

29
Q

What is the relative mass of proton, electrons, neutrons?

A

Protons = 1
Electrons = 1
Neutrons = 1/1840

30
Q

How is nuclear charge atom stated as?

A

Relative charge of nucleus

31
Q

What determines the relative

A

Proton number since nuclei is made

32
Q

Define nuclear fission.

A

The splitting of a large, unstable nucleus into two smaller nuclei

33
Q

What happens during fission?

A

A neutron collides with an unstable nucleus, the nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei

It also emits gamma rays

34
Q

What happens to the products of fission?

A
  • move away very quickly
  • energy transferred is from nuclear potential energy to kinetic energy.
35
Q

What happens to the mass of products during fission?

A

Mass of products is less than mass of nucleus

The remaining mass is converted into energy which is released during fission.

Physics - IGCSE (24 decks)

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