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Physics - IGCSE > Ch - 7 > Flashcards

Ch - 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of sun on earth?

A
  1. Heats up the atmosphere, creating wind and producing waves.
  2. Water evaporated by the sun falls as rain, filling up reservoirs.
  3. Plants grown using sunlight from fuels - biofuels and fossil fuels
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2
Q

What are the diff forms of energy other than sun?

A
  1. Geothermal - produced in Earth’s core
  2. Nuclear - Elements that make up Earth’s crust.
  3. Tidal - Gravitational attraction of the moon
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3
Q

How is the energy that falls from the sun transferred?

A

Radiation (Visible light & Infrared radiation)

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4
Q

Why does solar energy need large collecting devices?

A

Low energy density

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5
Q

What is one issue with collecting solar energy?

A
  • Expensive
  • Inefficient
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6
Q

How do solar cells generate electrical power?

A
  • Transfer energy from sunlight electrically producing a current
  • This generates electricity.
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7
Q

What are solar cells also called?

A

Photovoltaic cells

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8
Q

What are solar cells made of?

A

Semiconducting materials

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9
Q

What are the advantages of a solar cells?

A
  • Renewable
  • Reliable
  • No greenhouse gasses or pollution.
    -Remote places
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10
Q

what are the disadvantages of solar cells?

A
  • Need to be large scale
  • Expensive
  • sunlight is not a reliable source
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11
Q

What is the function of solar panels?

A
  • Solar panels transfer energy from sunlight to thermal store of solar panels.
  • Used to heat water in the pipes.
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12
Q

What does the solar furnace consist of?

A
  • Large curved mirrors that focus the sun’s rays on to a small area.
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13
Q

What is the solar furnace used for in the end?

A
  • Boil water
  • Generate steam to turn turbine
  • Generate electricity
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14
Q

What are the advantages of using solar panels?

A
  • Renewable
  • reliable
  • No Greenhouse gasses or pollution
  • Cut cost
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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of using solar panels?

A
  • Large scale to produce High temp.
  • Heat water in High temp.
  • Not reliable
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16
Q

What are the fossil fuels?

A

Formed from remains of dead plants and animals

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17
Q

What are the diff types of fossil fuels?

A
  • Coal
  • Natural gas
  • Crude oil
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18
Q

Where does chemical energy stored in fossil fuels come from?

A

Sunlight

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19
Q

Where was the energy from the sun transferred to?

A

Chemical energy store of plants by photosynthesis

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20
Q

What are the advantages of fossil fuels?

A
  • Transport of electricity heavily relies on fossils available
  • reliable
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21
Q

What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A
  1. Millions of yrs to form
    • non-renewable
    • decreasing
      supply
    • Completely run
      out
  2. Pollutes
    -CO2 —> Greenhouse effect
    • sulphur dioxide –> acid rain
22
Q

What are the uses of fossil fuels?

A
  • Transport
  • Generating electricity
  • Heating
23
Q

What are majority vehicles powered by?

24
Q

Where does petroleum originate from?

A

Crude oil (fossil fuels)

25
what are growing no. of vehicles being powered by?
- Electricity - Zero carbon emissions - Combination of resources
26
What is used to produce energy on-deman for electricity?
Coal and oil
27
What are the steps to do electricity generation by fossils?
1. Burning 2. Burning produces thermal energy 3. Boils water creating steam 4. Steam turns a turbine 5. Electromagnet generates electricity 6. Steam condenses and process repeats
28
What are biofuels made from?
Plant matter
29
Where does this energy from biofuel come from?
Sunlight transferred to chemical store of plants
30
What can be used in place of fossil fuels?
Ethanol or methane. (Half density of fossil fuels)
31
What are the advantages of biofuels?
- carbon neutral - renewable - powered by biofuel
32
What are the disadvantages of biofuels?
-Time consuming - land n resources used - co2
33
what is fission?
Energy stored in the nucleus can be released When the nucleus is broken in 2
34
Define nuclear fission.
When a large nucleus is broken into two smaller nuclei where energy is released.
35
How do nuclear powers generate electricity?
Fission reactions to heat water, this turns turbines to generate electricity.
36
What are the advantages of nuclear fission?
- no pollution - safe - Reliably on a large scale - available
37
What are the disadvantages of nuclear fission?
- Finite supply - non renewable - radioactive waste
38
How is electricity generated by wave & tide power?
Red and fall of waves turns the turbines and generates electricity
39
what are the advantages of tide and wave energy?
- no pollution - reliable - renewable - small systems
40
what are the disadvantages of tide and wave energy?
- expensive - damages habitat - few suitable location - large scale.
41
What type of energy is there when water is stored above ground level?
Gravitational Potential Energy
42
What is this energy converted to and when?
K.e. because water flows down
43
What is the function of the turbine?
Generate electricity.
44
What are the advantages of hydroelectric dams?
- reliable n available. - generates large scale
45
What are the disadvantages of hydroelectric dams?
- destroys habitats, town n villages - releases large amounts of greenhouse gasses.
46
How is geothermal energy producing heat?
- Radioactive elements deep in earth release energy as they decay - Geothermal heats up rocks
47
How is water heated and comes back up in geothermal energy?
- Water is poured in shafts below - Water is heated by the rocks and returned to shaft. - Steam is used to turn turbines and generate electricity. - This heats homes.
48
What are the advantages of Geothermal energy?
- Renewable - Reliable
49
What are the disadvantages of Geothermal energy?
- Small-scale production - greenhouse gases - expensive to build.
50
How is sun's energy produced?
Nuclear fusion
51
What is nuclear fusion?
Involves the collision and bonding of hydrogen and nuclei to form helium nuclei, releasing nuclear energy in the process.
52
What is one requirement of fusion?
Extremely High temp. , like centre of star.

Physics - IGCSE (24 decks)

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