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Physics - IGCSE > Ch - 6 (Energy Stores and Transfers) > Flashcards

Ch - 6 (Energy Stores and Transfers) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is energy?

A

A property that must be transferred to an object in order to:

  • work on
    (or)
  • heat up the object
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2
Q

What is energy measured in?

A

Measured in Joules (J)

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3
Q

How many energy stores are there?

A

8 types

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4
Q

Name the energy stores.

A
  1. Kinetic
  2. Gravitational
  3. Elastic
  4. Electrostatic
  5. Magnetic
  6. Chemical
  7. Nuclear
  8. Thermal
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5
Q

What is the description of kinetic energy?

A

Energy an object has when it’s moving

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6
Q

What is the description of gravitational energy?

A
  • Due to it’s position above the ground
  • Gains gravitational energy when lifted
  • Loses when its dropped
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7
Q

What is the description of elastic energy?

A

Energy stored in a stretched spring or elastic band

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8
Q

What is the description of electrostatic energy?

A

Due to force of attraction (or repulsion) due to charges.

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9
Q

What is the description of magnetic energy?

A

Due to Force of attraction (or repulsion) between 2 magnets

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10
Q

What is the description of chemical energy?

A
  • Found in fuels, food, or in batteries
  • transferred during chemical reactions.
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11
Q

What is the description of nuclear energy?

A

Contained within the nucleus of the atom

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12
Q

What is the description of thermal energy?

A

Due to its temp

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13
Q

What are the examples of energy transfers?

A
  1. Mechanical
  2. Electrical
  3. Heating
  4. Radiation
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14
Q

What is the description of mechanical energy?

A

When a force acts on a body

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15
Q

What is the description of electrical energy?

A
  • Transfer of electric charge and electricity
  • cell delivering to circuit
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16
Q

What is the description of heating energy?

A

Thermal energy transferred by conduction, convection, radiation

17
Q

What is the description of radiation energy?

A

light and sound carry energy and can transfer this between 2 points.

18
Q

what is kinetic energy (kinetic store) defined as?

A

The energy an object has as a result of its mass and speed

19
Q

what does it mean if an object has kinetic energy?

A

Any object in motions has kinetic energy store.

20
Q

What is the equation to calculate kinetic energy?

A

K.E = 1/2mv^2

K.E = in joules (J)
m = mass of object (kg)
v = speed (m/s)

21
Q

What is gravitational energy (stored gravitational energy store) defined as?

A

The energy an object has due to its height in a gravitational field.

22
Q

What does it mean if an object has gravitational energy?

A
  • If object is lifted, energy will be transferred to its gravitational store.
  • if an object falls, energy will be transferred away from its gravitational force.
23
Q

What is the formula to calculate G.P.E?

A

/\Ep=mg/\h

/\Ep = change in GPE (J)
m = mass (kg)
g = gravitational field strength (N/kg)
/\h = change in height (m)

24
Q

what does the law of conservation of energy state?

A

Energy cannot be destroyed, nor be created, it can only be transferred from one energy store to another

25
Q

What does the law of conservation of energy state?

A

Total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant

26
Q

What can be concluded by the law of conservation of energy state?

A
  • Energy can be dissipated in surrounding by radiation (heat,light, or sound)
  • Not useful energy (wasted energy)
27
Q

How can energy stores and transfers be represented?

A
  • Flow diagrams
  • Sankey diagrams
28
Q

What does the flow diagram show?

A

Stores and the transfers

29
Q

what do the arrows on Sankey diagram show?

A
  • Arrow pointing right shows used (useful output energy)
  • Arrow pointing down (wasted energy)
30
Q

What is the most important part of an arrow and what does it show?

A

Width of arrow is proportional to the amount of energy going to each store.

31
Q

How can we find the total energy in?

A

Useful energy out + wasted energy =Total energy in

32
Q

What does efficiency mean in general?

A

How well energy is transferred

33
Q

define efficiency

A

The ratio of the useful power or energy transfer output from a system to its total power or energy transfer input.

34
Q

What does it mean if an object has High efficiency?

A

Most energy transferred is useful

35
Q

What does it mean if an object has low efficiency?

A

Most energy transferred is waste

36
Q

How is efficiency represented?

A

Percentage

37
Q

what is the formula for efficiency?

A

Efficiency = Useful energy output/total energy input x 100%

38
Q

Define power

A

energy transferred per unit time

39
Q

What is the formula for power?

A

Power = Energy transferred/Time

Physics - IGCSE (24 decks)

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