Ch - 9 (The Kinetic Model of Matter) Flashcards
What are properties of solids?
- Definite shape
- Definite volume
- do not flow
- Cannot be compressed
What are properties of liquids?
- No definite shape
- definite volume
- can flow
- cannot b compressed
What are properties of gases?
- No definite shape
- No fixed volume
- Flow
- Compressible
What changes when the state changes?
energy n reversible
What happens when particles gain energy?
Gain kinetic energy
what is the relation between temperature and pressure?
As temp increases, pressure increases.
What is absolute zero temp?
Particles are no longer moving and do not collide with the container.
What is the value of absolute zero temp ?
- 273°C or K (Kelvin)
How do particles of gas move around?
Random motion.
What does it mean if particles travel in random motion?
no specific path
When are there sudden changes in the movement of gas particles?
- walls of its container
- other molecules.
How is pressure in a gas caused in a container?
by the collisions with the surface of the container walls.
What is the formula for pressure?
P = F/A
What does the Kinetic Theory of Matter state?
All matter is made up of tiny particles
What is Brownian motion?
The random movement of particles in a liquid or a gas is produced by large numbers of collisions with smaller particles that are hard to see.
What do we see through a microscope when particles of pollen or smoke are observed?
sec of light, moving randomly in a jerky motion.
What can be seen when we look through a microscope?
Microscopic particles such as :
- Pollen or smoke particles seem to move
- Smaller atoms and molecules
What does the collision give particles?
Lil nudge to change the speed and direction randomly each time they are struck.
Where does the presence of light of fast-moving particles and molecules come from
inferred from the motion of the microscopic particles
What does the absolute temperature begin at?
kelvin temp scale
What is 0 K equal to?
-273°C
Is it possible to have temp lower than 0K
No, so there is no negative value
Define Temperature.
Average KE of the molecules in a substance.
Define internal energy
Total sum of KE and PE of molecules in a substance.
What causes brownian Motion of dust particles?
Dust particles are constantly knocked about by the fast moving particle of the air.
What are the particles called?
Air molecules
When can the gas laws be considered?
Temp of gas is constant
What happens when temp is constant and if the container is compressed?
volume decreases
pressure increases
What happens when temp is constant and if the container expands?
volume increases
Pressure decreases
What can be used to remove air ins sealed container?
Vacuum pump
What happens when gas is compressed?
- Molecules hit the wall of the container frequently
- Creates overall net force
When there is a constant volume, what happens when temp increases?
Average energy of particles increases
When does Booyle’s Law apply?
Of temp T of an ideal gas is constant
What is the formula for Booyle’s law ?
P inversely proportional to 1/V
What is the relationship between pressure and volume?
P1V1 = P2V2
1 - initial
2 - final
vol = m^3
p = pascals
