Chapter 2.2 The Neuron

Question 1

_______a Spanish histologist who is distinguished from his major accomplishments:
* He established the neuron, or nerve cell, as the basic unit of nervous structure.
* He is also the father of Neuron Theory

Answer 1

Sir Santiago Ramon y Cajal

Question 2

neurons are ______, autonomous cells that interact but are not physically connected

Answer 2

discrete

Question 3

neurons send _______that have a chemical basis

Answer 3

electrical signals

Question 4

neurons use ______ to communicate with one another

Answer 4

chemical signals

Question 5

The word neurons comes from the Greek word_____

Answer 5

nevronas; meaning a sinew, cord, or nerve

Question 6

It performs an executive function and specialized for the reception, conduction, and transmission of electrochemical signals.

Answer 6

neuron

Question 7

What are two major types of nerve cells in the human brain?

Answer 7

neuron and glia

Question 8

______is like an electrical wire connected to its switch. By switching on, it triggers a signal along the wire and produces some effects which is turning the light

Answer 8

neuron

Question 9

What are the 6 structural
components that controls the transmission of those signals to other cells?

Answer 9

1. dendrites
2. cell body or soma
3. axon
4. myelin sheath
5. nodes of ranvier
   f. presynaptic terminal

Question 10

It is a Greek word for for “tree”. These branching fibers receive signals from other cells

Answer 10

Dendrites

Question 11

It is a Greek word for “body”; plural: so- mata. It contains the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria responsiblebiochemical processes and integration of synaptic input before transmitting the signal by the axon.

Answer 11

Cell body, or soma

Question 12

It is a Greek word for for “axis”. It is a thin fiber of constant diameter, conveys an
impulse toward other neurons, an organ, or a muscle.

Answer 12

Axon

Question 13

Its is the axon’s insulating material.

Answer 13

Myelin Sheath

Question 14

It facilitates the rapid conduction of nerve impulses.

Answer 14

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 15

It is a French word for “button”. It is also known as an end bulb or bouton), where the axon releases chemicals that cross through the junction between that neuron and another cell

Answer 15

Presynaptic terminal

Question 16

What are the 3 functional variations of the neuron?

Answer 16

1. Sensory neurons
2. Interneuron or intrinsic neuron
3. Motor neuron

Question 17

The receiver of sensory input, is highly sensitive to a particular type of
stimulation, such as light, sound, or touch. An afferent (letter “a” as admit) axon brings
information to the interneuron. These are unipolar neurons.

Answer 17

Sensory neurons

Question 18

It is when the cell’s dendrites and axon are entirely
contained within a single structure. It connects the sensory neuron to motor
neuron by transmitting the information. These are multipolar neurons.

Answer 18

Interneuron or intrinsic neuron

Question 19

Its soma is located in the spinal cord. It receives excitation through its dendrites and conducts impulses along its axon to a muscle. an efferent axon carries
information away from a structure; efferent starts with e as in exit. These neurons are
multipolar neurons

Answer 19

Motor neuron

Question 20

What are the 3 types of neurons?

Answer 20

1. multipolar neuron
2. bipolar neuron
3. unipolar neuron

Question 21

It is a neuron with many processes from the cell body; many dendrites and one axon. These neurons are found in the cortex of the brain and the spinal cord

Answer 21

Multipolar neuron

Question 22

It is a neuron with two processes (axon and dendrites) extending from its cell body, one dendrite and one axon. These neurons are found in retina, roof of the nasal
cavity, and inner ear

Answer 22

Bipolar neuron

Question 23

It is a neuron with one processes (axon only, no dendrites. Found in spinal and cranial nerve ganglia

Answer 23

Unipolar neuron