Chapter 2.2 The Neuron Flashcards
_______a Spanish histologist who is distinguished from his major accomplishments:
* He established the neuron, or nerve cell, as the basic unit of nervous structure.
* He is also the father of Neuron Theory
Sir Santiago Ramon y Cajal
neurons are ______, autonomous cells that interact but are not physically connected
discrete
neurons send _______that have a chemical basis
electrical signals
neurons use ______ to communicate with one another
chemical signals
The word neurons comes from the Greek word_____
nevronas; meaning a sinew, cord, or nerve
It performs an executive function and specialized for the reception, conduction, and transmission of electrochemical signals.
neuron
What are two major types of nerve cells in the human brain?
neuron and glia
______is like an electrical wire connected to its switch. By switching on, it triggers a signal along the wire and produces some effects which is turning the light
neuron
What are the 6 structural
components that controls the transmission of those signals to other cells?
- dendrites
- cell body or soma
- axon
- myelin sheath
- nodes of ranvier
f. presynaptic terminal
It is a Greek word for for “tree”. These branching fibers receive signals from other cells
Dendrites
It is a Greek word for “body”; plural: so- mata. It contains the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria responsiblebiochemical processes and integration of synaptic input before transmitting the signal by the axon.
Cell body, or soma
It is a Greek word for for “axis”. It is a thin fiber of constant diameter, conveys an
impulse toward other neurons, an organ, or a muscle.
Axon
Its is the axon’s insulating material.
Myelin Sheath
It facilitates the rapid conduction of nerve impulses.
Nodes of Ranvier
It is a French word for “button”. It is also known as an end bulb or bouton), where the axon releases chemicals that cross through the junction between that neuron and another cell
Presynaptic terminal
What are the 3 functional variations of the neuron?
- Sensory neurons
- Interneuron or intrinsic neuron
- Motor neuron
The receiver of sensory input, is highly sensitive to a particular type of
stimulation, such as light, sound, or touch. An afferent (letter “a” as admit) axon brings
information to the interneuron. These are unipolar neurons.
Sensory neurons
It is when the cell’s dendrites and axon are entirely
contained within a single structure. It connects the sensory neuron to motor
neuron by transmitting the information. These are multipolar neurons.
Interneuron or intrinsic neuron
Its soma is located in the spinal cord. It receives excitation through its dendrites and conducts impulses along its axon to a muscle. an efferent axon carries
information away from a structure; efferent starts with e as in exit. These neurons are
multipolar neurons
Motor neuron
What are the 3 types of neurons?
- multipolar neuron
- bipolar neuron
- unipolar neuron
It is a neuron with many processes from the cell body; many dendrites and one axon. These neurons are found in the cortex of the brain and the spinal cord
Multipolar neuron
It is a neuron with two processes (axon and dendrites) extending from its cell body, one dendrite and one axon. These neurons are found in retina, roof of the nasal
cavity, and inner ear
Bipolar neuron
It is a neuron with one processes (axon only, no dendrites. Found in spinal and cranial nerve ganglia
Unipolar neuron
