Chapter 2.2 The Neuron Flashcards

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1
Q

_______a Spanish histologist who is distinguished from his major accomplishments:
* He established the neuron, or nerve cell, as the basic unit of nervous structure.
* He is also the father of Neuron Theory

A

Sir Santiago Ramon y Cajal

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2
Q

neurons are ______, autonomous cells that interact but are not physically connected

A

discrete

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3
Q

neurons send _______that have a chemical basis

A

electrical signals

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4
Q

neurons use ______ to communicate with one another

A

chemical signals

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5
Q

The word neurons comes from the Greek word_____

A

nevronas; meaning a sinew, cord, or nerve

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6
Q

It performs an executive function and specialized for the reception, conduction, and transmission of electrochemical signals.

A

neuron

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7
Q

What are two major types of nerve cells in the human brain?

A

neuron and glia

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8
Q

______is like an electrical wire connected to its switch. By switching on, it triggers a signal along the wire and produces some effects which is turning the light

A

neuron

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9
Q

What are the 6 structural
components that controls the transmission of those signals to other cells?

A
  1. dendrites
  2. cell body or soma
  3. axon
  4. myelin sheath
  5. nodes of ranvier
    f. presynaptic terminal
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10
Q

It is a Greek word for for “tree”. These branching fibers receive signals from other cells

A

Dendrites

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11
Q

It is a Greek word for “body”; plural: so- mata. It contains the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria responsiblebiochemical processes and integration of synaptic input before transmitting the signal by the axon.

A

Cell body, or soma

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12
Q

It is a Greek word for for “axis”. It is a thin fiber of constant diameter, conveys an
impulse toward other neurons, an organ, or a muscle.

A

Axon

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13
Q

Its is the axon’s insulating material.

A

Myelin Sheath

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14
Q

It facilitates the rapid conduction of nerve impulses.

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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15
Q

It is a French word for “button”. It is also known as an end bulb or bouton), where the axon releases chemicals that cross through the junction between that neuron and another cell

A

Presynaptic terminal

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16
Q

What are the 3 functional variations of the neuron?

A
  1. Sensory neurons
  2. Interneuron or intrinsic neuron
  3. Motor neuron
17
Q

The receiver of sensory input, is highly sensitive to a particular type of
stimulation, such as light, sound, or touch. An afferent (letter “a” as admit) axon brings
information to the interneuron. These are unipolar neurons.

A

Sensory neurons

18
Q

It is when the cell’s dendrites and axon are entirely
contained within a single structure. It connects the sensory neuron to motor
neuron by transmitting the information. These are multipolar neurons.

A

Interneuron or intrinsic neuron

19
Q

Its soma is located in the spinal cord. It receives excitation through its dendrites and conducts impulses along its axon to a muscle. an efferent axon carries
information away from a structure; efferent starts with e as in exit. These neurons are
multipolar neurons

A

Motor neuron

20
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons?

A
  1. multipolar neuron
  2. bipolar neuron
  3. unipolar neuron
21
Q

It is a neuron with many processes from the cell body; many dendrites and one axon. These neurons are found in the cortex of the brain and the spinal cord

A

Multipolar neuron

22
Q

It is a neuron with two processes (axon and dendrites) extending from its cell body, one dendrite and one axon. These neurons are found in retina, roof of the nasal
cavity, and inner ear

A

Bipolar neuron

23
Q

It is a neuron with one processes (axon only, no dendrites. Found in spinal and cranial nerve ganglia

A

Unipolar neuron