Chapter 22 Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the major functions of the respiratory system?
Supply O2
Remove CO2
Remove Heat
Vocalization
What are the steps of the respiratory cycle?
- Pulmonary Ventilation (Inhalation/exhalation)
- External Respiration
- Transportation of gases
- Internal Respiration
What is Pulmonary Ventilation?
air flowing into the lungs during inhalation, and air flowing out of the lungs during exhalation
BREATHING
What is External Respiration?
oxygen diffuses into the blood and CO2 diffuses into the alveolar air (lung to blood/blood to lung)
What is the Transportation of gases?
Gases are transferred into the blood
What is Internal Respiration?
Gas exchange between blood and tissues
O2 to tissues
CO2 to blood
The respiratory system is divided up into what parts?
Upper and Lower Respiratory System
What are the functions of the Upper Respiratory system?
Heat air as it enters
temp exchange w/ blood vessels in nose and throat
Air filtration
The nasal passage and part of the trachea
Humidify
alveoli in the lungs need moisture so they do not dry out and break apart
What zone is the upper respiratory system?
Conducting Zone
What 2 zones are the lower respiratory system broken into?
Conducting and Respiratory Zones
What does the conducting zone do?
provide a route for air that is coming in and out of the lungs, remove debris, warm and humidify the air
What does the respiratory zone do?
moves oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the blood
What are the parts of the conducting zone?
Bronchi
Trachea
Lung
Bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles
What are the parts of the respiratory zone?
Alveolus Sac
Respiratory Bronchiole
The alveoli are surrounded by what that assists with rapid exchange of gases?
Blood vessels
What epithelium are the alveoli made of?
Simple Squamous
What are alveolar type I cells?
Make up the majority of the cells
responsible for gas exchange
What are Alveolar Type II cells?
Secretes Surfactant that helps relieve surface tension
What do macrophages do in the respiratory system?
destroy/ingest pathogens
What are the Properties of the Mammalian Respiratory System?
Compliance
- respiratory system to stretch (rib cage expansion)
Elasticity
- lungs and other system returns to resting state
Surface Tension
What helps decrease surface tension?
Surfactant
What is a surfactant?
Detergent like lipid-protein complex that helps relieve surface tension (alveoli)
Applies an even coat so alveoli doesn’t collapse
What are the mechanic of Pulmonary Ventilation?
Inspiration and Expiration
What is Inspiration?
Allows air to flow into the lungs