Chapter 1-4 Body Organization/Homeostasis Flashcards
What is the body organization?
Atom, Molecule, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism
What is an Organ system?
A group of organs working together to perform a particular function
What is an Organism?
Any living thing
What is an Organ?
A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function.
What is a cell?
The basic unit of all living things
What is a Tissue?
A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function.
What is an atom?
Smallest particle of an element
What is a Molecule?
A group of atoms bonded together
What are the types of Tissues?
nervous, muscle, connective, epithelial
What are epithelial tissues?
layers of cells that cover internal and external surfaces
* forms membranes
* glands
What are the types of epithelial tissues?
squamous, cuboidal, columnar
What is connective tissue?
Cells that are widely spaced in a matrix that bind, partitions, protection, and support the matrix
types of connective tissue
Under Epithelium, Adipose, Tendon, Bone, Blood
What are organelles?
any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
What is the mitochondria?
power house of the cell and produces and supplies the cell with energy
What is the plasma membrane?
the membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment
What is a lipid bilayer?
2 layers of phospholipids ( hydrophobic and hydrophillic)
What is Cytosol?
Fluid portion of cytoplasm
What is the Nucleus?
Control center of the cell (DNA)
What is a Lysosome?
helps degrade mis-made items or other things in a cell
What are Secretory Vesicles?
The golgi apparatus packages processed materials into vesicles of membrane, which then fuse with the cell’s plasma membrane and releases the contents.
What are protein channels?
proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer that help things pass through the membrane
What are cell receptors?
Proteins which identify a cell as a target cell for a hormone
What is the Central Dogma?
DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein
What is transcription?
The process of making RNA from DNA
What is translation?
the decoding of an mRNA message into a protein
What is Homeostasis?
Maintaining a stable internal environment
What is a Negative Feedback Loop?
A negative feedback loop is a system where the output may signal the system to stop changing. return to a set point
What is a Positive Feedback Loop?
once it is stimulated, it just keeps going (think oxytocin to induce labor)
What are the steps of a negative feedback loop?
stimulus, receptor, input, control center, output, effector, response
What is Skeletal Muscle?
long multinucleate, parallel cells w/ striations
Pull on bones and skins as contract
What is Cardiac Muscle?
Cells divide and converse, striated with intercalated discs, 1 nuclei Only in the heart (Involuntary)
What is Smooth Muscle?
Short tapered cells with no striations, uninucleate, (Involuntary)
What is a squamous cell?
A cell that is flat and the nucleus is near the upper surface.
What is a Cuboidal Cell?
A cell that is cube-shaped with a central, round nucleus.
What is a Columnar Cell?
A cell that is tall with an oval nucleus near the basement membrane.
What does simple mean?
one layer
What does stratified mean?
multiple layers
What does pseudostratified mean?
false stratified; all cells touch basement membrane
