Chapter 18 Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?
Transport: O2, Hormones
Regulate: pH (7.35-7,45), heat, blood volume
Protection: clotting to prevent blood loss
What is the FCN of the CV system?
Blood, Blood vessels, Heart
The Cardiovascular system runs on what circuit?
Systemic Circuit- blood is pushed throughout the entire body
Arteries move blood what way?
Away from the heart
Veins move blood what way?
To the Heart
Pulmonary means what?
Lungs
Blood is composed of what?
plasma/serum, red (erythrocytes), and white blood cells (leukocytes)
When spun down in an anti-coagulent tube what is the clear stuff?
Plasma
When spun down in a normal tube what is the clear stuff?
Serum
What can be found in plasma/serum?
Gases, H2O, Hormones, and Nutrients
What are Erythrocytes?
red blood cells
What are the difference in Erythrocytes between mammals and reptiles/amphibians/Avian?
Mammals red blood cells are circular and have a small indent in the middle of the cell
Reptiles/Amphibians/Avains have cells that look oval and have a nuceli
What happens in capillary beds?
exchange of gases, wastes, and nutrients between bloodstream and body
Capillary beds are regulated by what?
Spinchters
What are the types of capillaries?
continuous, fenestrated,
sinusoids
What is a continuous capillary?
Do not have pores , found in muscle, skin, lungs, and nervous system.
Allows for glucose, amino acids, gases, and hormones in small amounts
Most abundant and least permeability.
What is a fenestrated capillary?
filtration pores and is found in small intestines, endocrine glands, and kidneys, allows for rapid absorption,
has glycoproteins on pores that allow for selective passing or moving of molecules
What is a Sinusoid capillary?
Filtration pores allow for a very rapid movement of ions, allows larger items like red and white blood cells to be able to move from the areas they are produced to the blood stream (spleen and bone marrow)
Has glycoproteins that allow for some select permeability.
What is hydrostatic pressure?
The pressure that the fluid exerts on the walls of its container.
What is Osmotic Pressure?
The amount of pressure required to stop the osmotic flow of water.
What is high osmotic pressure?
higher than normal level of plasma proteins.
What is low osmotic pressure?
lower than normal level of plasma proteins.
What does Cardiomyocyte mean?
Heart Muscle Cell
What types of valves are between the ventricles and the arteries?
Semilunar Valves
Explain why there is a difference in the thickness of the walls for each side of the ventricle.
There is a difference in thickness because the left ventricle has to pump more blood at a harder rate to get the blood to the rest of your body
What is the Chorade Tendineae?
Holds the atrioventricular valve in place so it does not let blood back into the atrium
What are Contractile Cardiac Myocytes?
cells that do the contracting in the heart; make up 99% of cells in the heart
Why do the contractile cardiomyocytes have an extended absolute refractory period?
They have an extended absolute refractory period because they need to take a break so they make the right heart beat and not continuously contracting
What are Autorythmic Cells (pacemaker)?
Self rhythm (own pace)
Sets the rhythm for the heart
make up 1% of cells in heart
NO RESTING
What is the path of the intrinsic conduction system?
Sinoatrial Node
Atrioventricular Node
Bundle of His
Subendocardial Conducting Network
What is the normal pH of the body?
7.35-7.45
