Chapter 16 Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 major systems that communicate and coordinate body function?

A
  • Endocrine
  • Nervous
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2
Q

What is the Endocrine system?

A

-Hormones that signal via receptors
- Influences Metabolic activity

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3
Q

How long does it take for an Endocrine response?

A

could take seconds to days for a response

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4
Q

How are things in the endocrine system transported?

A

Via blood

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5
Q

Size of things that flow through the endocrine system?

A

1X10-9 M to 1X10-12 M

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6
Q

What is the Nervous system?

A

-Electrochemical Gradients
-Influences muscle and gland activity

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7
Q

How long does it take for a nerve impulse response?

A

Milliseconds

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8
Q

How are impulses transported through the nervous system?

A

Electrochemical impulses

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9
Q

Function of the Endocrine system

A

-Products are secreted directly into the blood stream
- DUCTLESS NO DUCTS
- Distance

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10
Q

Function of the Exocrine System

A
  • Has Ducts
  • collecting area for products (storage)
  • excreted out
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11
Q

What is the Autocrine system?

A
  • product is released by the cell that causes it to re-bind with cell to cause self-change/self-signaling
    -Not a lot of these

AUTO=Self
CRINE= Signaling

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12
Q

What is the Paracrine system?

A

-cell secretes something that then bings and signals neighboring cell
- Stays in the tissue

PARA= Next to

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13
Q

What is a Hormone?

A

Chemicals carried through blood/lymph to target tissues
- recognized by specific high affinity receptors on target cells

EX: Target cell = office door; If another key (hormone) tries to bind with it, it will not open (work)

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14
Q

When a hormone binds, what does it result in?

A
  • Altered plasma membrane perm.
  • Opening/Closing of protein channels
  • stimulates the synthesis of enzymes and proteins
  • activates/deactivates enzymes
  • Induces secretory activity
  • Stimulates Mitosis
  • Stimulates transcription
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15
Q

What is the plasma membrane/lipid bilayer made up of?

A

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic lipids

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16
Q

What is a Hydrophilic lipid bilayer?

A

fluid/water-loving lipid
binds to things outside of cell
(does everything but stimulate transcription)

17
Q

What is a Hydrophobic lipid Bilayer?

A

Water-hating lipid
bind to internal receptor and initiates transcription
(steroid backbone) (Cholesterol, and thyroid hormone)
ONLY INITIATES TRANSCRIPTION

18
Q

What are the glands of the body?

A
  • Pituitary gland
  • Parathyroid gland
  • Adrenal Glands
    -Ovaries
  • Thyroid Gland
  • Pancreas
  • Testes
19
Q

What are the types of hormone backbones?

A
  • Amino Acid Hormone (enzyme)
  • Peptide/Protein Hormone
  • Steroid Hormone (enzyme)
20
Q

What is an amino acid hormone backbone?

A

-amino acid backbone
EX: tyrosine turned into a hormone
- norepinephrine

21
Q

What is a Peptide/protein hormone backbone?

A

-central dogma (DNA-mRNA-Protein)
EX: Ocytcin, Human Growth Hormone

22
Q

What is a steroid Hormone backbone?

A

-enzyme
-Utilizes cholesterol as the backbone (STEROID)
-Require carrier hydrophobic tails
TRANSCRIPTION ONLY!
EX: testosterone and progesterone