Chapter 22 Descent W Mod Flashcards
Carolus Linnaeus
2 part naming system format for naming species.
Homo sapiens
Evolution
Descent with modification
A change in the genetic composition of a pop from gen to gen
A pattern and a process
Fossils
The remains or traces of organisms from the past
Strata
Sedimentary, super imposed rock, Grand Canyon.
Upper-younger
Deeper- older
Paleontology
The study of fossils
Georges curvier
Idea of extinction, catastrophism
James Hutton
Earth’s geological features could be explained by gradual mechanisms
Charles Lyell
Included hutton’s ideas and proposed that the same geological processes operating today are the same as the past and at the same rate.
Lamarck’s hypothesis of evolution
Use and disuse- giraffe stretching it’s neck
Inheritance of aquifer characteristics
Adaptation
Inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in a specific environment
Natural selection
A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of their traits
Wallace
Almost the same theory of natural selection as Darwin.
Codiscoverer of natural selection
The origin of species 1845
Unity of life, diversity of life, and the match between organisms and their environment.
Artificial selection
Humans have modified other species over many generations
Logic of natural selection observation 1
Members of a population often vary in their inherited traits
Logic of natural selection observation 2
All species can produce more offspring than their environment can support, and many of these offspring fail to survive and reproduce. (Mathus)
Inference 1
Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to have more offspring
Inference 2
This unequal ability of individuals to survive and repro will lead to the accumulation of favorable traits in the population over generations.
Mathus
Food supply
Natural selection summary
See notes.
Certain inheritable traits help individuals survive and reproduce because of those traits.
Nat sel can increase the match between org and environment.
If enviro changes, or if ind move to new enviro, nat sel May result in adaptation to these new conditions, sometimes giving life to new species.
Soapberry bugs
Different sized beaks for diff food sources. See notes
Evolution of drug resistant bacteria
Mrmsa, see notes
Natural selection…
Edits, not creates.
Local enviro determines what’s best
Homology
Similarly resulting from common ancestry
Homologous structures
Mammalian forelimbs.
Common ancestor.
Embryos- post anal tail and pharyngeal arches
Vestigial structures
Remnants of features that served a function in the organisms ancestors.
Ex- eye remnants in cave dwelling fish
Convergent evolution
The individual evolution of similar features in different lineages.
Sugar gliders and flying squirrels
Analogous
Shared features due to convergent evolution
Endemic
Found no where else in the world
