Chapter 22 Descent W Mod

Question 0

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 0

2 part naming system format for naming species.

Homo sapiens

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Descent with modification
A change in the genetic composition of a pop from gen to gen
A pattern and a process

Question 2

Fossils

Answer 2

The remains or traces of organisms from the past

Question 3

Strata

Answer 3

Sedimentary, super imposed rock, Grand Canyon.

Upper-younger
Deeper- older

Question 4

Paleontology

Answer 4

The study of fossils

Question 5

Georges curvier

Answer 5

Idea of extinction, catastrophism

Question 6

James Hutton

Answer 6

Earth’s geological features could be explained by gradual mechanisms

Question 7

Charles Lyell

Answer 7

Included hutton’s ideas and proposed that the same geological processes operating today are the same as the past and at the same rate.

Question 8

Lamarck’s hypothesis of evolution

Answer 8

Use and disuse- giraffe stretching it’s neck

Inheritance of aquifer characteristics

Question 9

Adaptation

Answer 9

Inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in a specific environment

Question 10

Natural selection

Answer 10

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of their traits

Question 11

Wallace

Answer 11

Almost the same theory of natural selection as Darwin.

Codiscoverer of natural selection

Question 12

The origin of species 1845

Answer 12

Unity of life, diversity of life, and the match between organisms and their environment.

Question 13

Artificial selection

Answer 13

Humans have modified other species over many generations

Question 14

Logic of natural selection observation 1

Answer 14

Members of a population often vary in their inherited traits

Question 15

Logic of natural selection observation 2

Answer 15

All species can produce more offspring than their environment can support, and many of these offspring fail to survive and reproduce. (Mathus)

Question 16

Inference 1

Answer 16

Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to have more offspring

Question 17

Inference 2

Answer 17

This unequal ability of individuals to survive and repro will lead to the accumulation of favorable traits in the population over generations.

Question 18

Mathus

Answer 18

Food supply

Question 19

Natural selection summary

Answer 19

See notes.
Certain inheritable traits help individuals survive and reproduce because of those traits.
Nat sel can increase the match between org and environment.
If enviro changes, or if ind move to new enviro, nat sel May result in adaptation to these new conditions, sometimes giving life to new species.

Question 20

Soapberry bugs

Answer 20

Different sized beaks for diff food sources. See notes

Question 21

Evolution of drug resistant bacteria

Answer 21

Mrmsa, see notes

Question 22

Natural selection…

Answer 22

Edits, not creates.

Local enviro determines what’s best

Question 23

Homology

Answer 23

Similarly resulting from common ancestry

Question 24

Homologous structures

Answer 24

Mammalian forelimbs.

Common ancestor.

Embryos- post anal tail and pharyngeal arches

Question 25

Vestigial structures

Answer 25

Remnants of features that served a function in the organisms ancestors.

Ex- eye remnants in cave dwelling fish

Question 26

Convergent evolution

Answer 26

The individual evolution of similar features in different lineages.

Sugar gliders and flying squirrels

Question 27

Analogous

Answer 27

Shared features due to convergent evolution

Question 28

Endemic

Answer 28

Found no where else in the world