Ch 53 Pop Ecology Flashcards
Population
A group of individuals of a single species
Population ecology
The study of populations in relation to their environment
Density
The number of ind per unit area or volume
Dispersion
The pattern of spacing among ind with in the boundaries of the pop
Mark recapture method
Ecologists capture one set of a population and mark them. Then return later and sample another random set. Count those already marked
Immigration
The influx of new individuals from other areas. This and birth add to a pop
Emigration
Th movement of individuals out of a pop. This mad death subtract from a pop.
Clumped dispersal
Mos common, associated with mating behavior. Clump where resources are abundant
Uniform
Evenly spaced, territoriality
Random
Position of each ind is independent of other individuals
Demography
The study of the vital statistics of pops and how they change over time
Life tables
Age specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population
Cohort
A group of ind of the same age from birth until all are dead
Survivorship curves
A plot of the reproduction or numbers I’m a cohort still alive at each age
Reproductive rates
Ignore males and study females because they produce offspring
Reproductive table
An age specific summary of the reproductive rates in a pop
Life history
Traits that affect an organism’s schedule of reproduction and survival
3 variables of life history
When repro begins
How often the organism reproduces
How many offspring
Semelparity or Big Bang repro
One shot pattern, salmon
Iteroparity
Repeated repro, contrasts Big Bang repro
Trade offs and life history
Time, energy, and nutrients limit repro, trade offs between repro and survival
Zero pop growth
dN/dT=rN
R=0 r is whether a pop is growing
Exponential growth
dN/dT=rmaxN
Carrying capacity, k
The max pop size that a particular environment can sustain
Logistic growth
dN/dT=N(k-N)/k
K selection
Based on k capacity
Density dependent, mammals
R selection
Based on r max
Density independent, mice, fish
Ecological footprint
Summarizes the aggregate land and water area required by each person, city, or nation to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb all the waste it generates
