Chapter 1

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

the process of change that has transformed life on earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today.
decent from common ancestors.
diversity is explained by accumulation of heritable changes

Question 2

biology

Answer 2

the scientific study of life

Question 3

emergent properties

Answer 3

novel properties that emerge at each level that are absent from the previous level. small to big

Question 4

systems biology

Answer 4

the exploartion of biological systems by analyzing the interactions among its parts

Question 5

eukaryotic cell

Answer 5

contains membrane encloses organelles, the largest of which is the nucleus. plants, animals, fungi

Question 6

prokaryotic cell

Answer 6

lacks a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles. simpler and smaller. bacteria and archae

Question 7

DNA

Answer 7

the substances of genes. chromosomes contain most of a cells genetic material in the form of DNA.

Question 8

genes

Answer 8

units of inheritance that transmit info from parent to offspring.

Question 9

gene expression

Answer 9

the process by which the info in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product

Question 10

genome

Answer 10

the entire “library” of genetic instructions that an organism inherits is called its genome

Question 11

genomics

Answer 11

studying whole sets of genes (or other DNA) in one or more species

Question 12

proteomics

Answer 12

the study of sets of protiens and their properties

Question 13

bioinformatics

Answer 13

the use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data that results from high throughput methods

Question 14

producers

Answer 14

plants and other photosynthetic organisms

Question 15

consumers

Answer 15

animals, feed on producers and other consumers

Question 16

feedback regualtion

Answer 16

the output, or product, of a process regulates the very process

Question 17

DNA is composed of…

Answer 17

nucleotides. A-T, C-G

Question 18

________->_______->______->

Answer 18

DNA->mRNA->protiens

first arrow transcribed, second arrow translated

Question 19

what do genes do?

Answer 19

code for protiens. nuclieotides a,t,c,g, code for specific protiens

Question 20

8 levels of taxonomy

Answer 20

Domain, kingdom, phyllum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 21

3 domains of life

Answer 21

bacteria and archea (prokaryote), and eukarya

Question 22

3 kingdoms of eukarya

Answer 22

animals-ingetsed
plants-photosynthesis
fungi- absorbs

protists- eukaryotic but on its own

Question 23

Darwin

Answer 23

origin of species
decent with modification, the mechanism is natural selection
individuals that are best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. overtime, more individuals in a population will have the advantageous traits. Environment “selects: for those traits.

Question 24

natural selection does not…

Answer 24

create, but edits heritable variation.

Question 25

draw a evolutionary tree

Answer 25

boo

Question 26

explain the mouse experiement p 19-21

Answer 26

white mice and brown mice. controls, why are they neccesary? see sla notes

Question 27

natural selection

Answer 27

mechanism of evolution

Question 28

negative feedback

Answer 28

a loop in which the response reduces the initial stimulus

most common

Question 29

positive feedback

Answer 29

end product speeds up its own production

Question 30

science

Answer 30

way of knowing

Question 31

inquiry

Answer 31

search for information that explains phenomena

Question 32

data

Answer 32

recorded info

Question 33

qualititative data

Answer 33

recorded discriptions

Question 34

inductive reasoning

Answer 34

generalizations from a large number of specific information

Question 35

hypothesis

Answer 35

a tentative answer to a well framed question

Question 36

deductive reasoning

Answer 36

general to specific. “if…then…”

Question 37

experiment

Answer 37

manipulating a factor to see the effect

Question 38

variable

Answer 38

factors that vary in an experiment

Question 39

controlled experiment

Answer 39

one that is designed to compare an experimental group with a control group

Question 40

independent variable

Answer 40

factor manipulated by researchers, mouse color

Question 41

dependent variable

Answer 41

factor that is measured by the experiment

amount of predation

Question 42

theory

Answer 42

an explaniation in broader scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypotheses and is supported by a large body of evidence

Question 43

model organism

Answer 43

species that lends itself well to lab work