Chapter 1 Flashcards
evolution
the process of change that has transformed life on earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today.
decent from common ancestors.
diversity is explained by accumulation of heritable changes
biology
the scientific study of life
emergent properties
novel properties that emerge at each level that are absent from the previous level. small to big
systems biology
the exploartion of biological systems by analyzing the interactions among its parts
eukaryotic cell
contains membrane encloses organelles, the largest of which is the nucleus. plants, animals, fungi
prokaryotic cell
lacks a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles. simpler and smaller. bacteria and archae
DNA
the substances of genes. chromosomes contain most of a cells genetic material in the form of DNA.
genes
units of inheritance that transmit info from parent to offspring.
gene expression
the process by which the info in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product
genome
the entire “library” of genetic instructions that an organism inherits is called its genome
genomics
studying whole sets of genes (or other DNA) in one or more species
proteomics
the study of sets of protiens and their properties
bioinformatics
the use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data that results from high throughput methods
producers
plants and other photosynthetic organisms
consumers
animals, feed on producers and other consumers
feedback regualtion
the output, or product, of a process regulates the very process
DNA is composed of…
nucleotides. A-T, C-G
________->_______->______->
DNA->mRNA->protiens
first arrow transcribed, second arrow translated
what do genes do?
code for protiens. nuclieotides a,t,c,g, code for specific protiens
8 levels of taxonomy
Domain, kingdom, phyllum, class, order, family, genus, species
3 domains of life
bacteria and archea (prokaryote), and eukarya
3 kingdoms of eukarya
animals-ingetsed
plants-photosynthesis
fungi- absorbs
protists- eukaryotic but on its own
Darwin
origin of species
decent with modification, the mechanism is natural selection
individuals that are best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. overtime, more individuals in a population will have the advantageous traits. Environment “selects: for those traits.
natural selection does not…
create, but edits heritable variation.
draw a evolutionary tree
boo
explain the mouse experiement p 19-21
white mice and brown mice. controls, why are they neccesary? see sla notes
natural selection
mechanism of evolution
negative feedback
a loop in which the response reduces the initial stimulus
most common
positive feedback
end product speeds up its own production
science
way of knowing
inquiry
search for information that explains phenomena
data
recorded info
qualititative data
recorded discriptions
inductive reasoning
generalizations from a large number of specific information
hypothesis
a tentative answer to a well framed question
deductive reasoning
general to specific. “if…then…”
experiment
manipulating a factor to see the effect
variable
factors that vary in an experiment
controlled experiment
one that is designed to compare an experimental group with a control group
independent variable
factor manipulated by researchers, mouse color
dependent variable
factor that is measured by the experiment
amount of predation
theory
an explaniation in broader scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypotheses and is supported by a large body of evidence
model organism
species that lends itself well to lab work
