Chapter 22 Anticonvulsants

Question 0

What is therapeutic range of Dilantin

Answer 0

10 to 20

Question 1

What are the 3 ways AED works

Answer 1

Suppressing sodium influx
Suppressing calcium influx
Increasing action of GABA

Question 2

Inhibit sodium influx

Hydantoins or barbiturates

Answer 2

Hyantoins

Question 3

Enhance GABA

barbiturates or hydantoins

Answer 3

Barbs

Question 4

Inhibit calcium influx

Hydantoins, barbs or succinimides

Answer 4

Succinimides

Question 5

Side effects of AEDs

Answer 5

G-gingival hyperplasia
U-use alternate birth control
M-mouth care
S-don’t stop abruptly

Question 6

What are the 3 classes of AEDS

Answer 6

Benzos - used for quick control (clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam)
Iminostilbenes- short half life (tegretol, oxcarbazepine)
Valproate (valproic acid and depakote)

Question 7

What are the classic Cardinal symptoms of Parkinson’s

Answer 7

Tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesis

Question 8

What is the physiology of Parkinson’s

Answer 8

Imbalance of the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine
Postural balance,locomotion, and complex movements
Too much acetylcholine and not enough dopamine

Question 9

Pseudoparkinsons

Answer 9

Reaction to medicine

Question 10

Seizure that involves head drop, loss of posture and sudden loss of muscle tone
Myoclonic, partial or atonic

Answer 10

Atonic

Question 11

Absence seizures

Atonic, petit mal or partial

Answer 11

Petit mal

Question 12

Seizures that involve isolated clonic contraction or jerks less than 3-10 seconds
Atonic, petit mal or myoclonic

Answer 12

Myoclonic

Question 13

Involuntary paroxysmal muscular contractions

Answer 13

Convulsions

Question 14

Tonic-clonic seizure

Petit mal, atonic or grand mal

Answer 14

Grand mal

Question 15

Dysrhythmic muscle contraction seizure

Myoclonic or clonic

Answer 15

Clonic

Question 16

Results from abnormal electrical discharges from the cerebral neurons

Answer 16

Seizure

Question 17

What percent of all epilepsy is considered primary or idiopathic

Answer 17

75

Question 18

First AED used to treat seizures and today most commonly used for this condition

Answer 18

Phenytoin

Question 19

Administration of phenytoin via which route is not recommended because of erratic absorption rate
Oral, IM, OR IV

Answer 19

IM

Question 20

Which AEDS are classified as pregnancy category C

Answer 20

Diamox and lyrica

Question 21

How does phenytoin work in the body

Answer 21

It helps stop the entry of sodium into the cell

Question 22

What will nurse check before administering IV phenytoin to a patient with new onset seizures

Answer 22

Blood glucose levels and cardiac rhythm

Question 23

What are 2 contraindications of phenytoin

Answer 23

Heart block
Bradycardia
Cautious use with patients with hypoglycemia and hypotension

Question 24

Where is best place for IV phenytoin site

Answer 24

Central cath or PICC line

Question 25

What are side effects of phenytoin

Answer 25

Nosebleeds and sore throats

Question 26

What med would be ordered first for status epilepticus

Answer 26

Diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam

Question 27

Which AED MAY BE taken prophylactically for migraine headaches
Valium, depakote, or Dilantin

Answer 27

Depakote