Chapter 22

Question 1

What was Aristotle’s thoughts on fossils and when did he think of it?

Answer 1

Fossils were once living animals. 350 BC

Question 2

What was Avicenna’s thoughts on fossils and when did he think of it?

Answer 2

Fossils principle of superposition. 1027

Question 3

What was Shen Kuo’s thoughts on fossils and when did he think of it?

Answer 3

Fossils, deep time. 1050

Question 4

What was N. Steno’s thoughts on fossils and when did he think of it?

Answer 4

Law of superposition. 1600’s

Question 5

What was A. G. Werner’s thoughts on fossils and when did he think of it?

Answer 5

Divided rocks into four types; neptunist, young earth, catastrophism. late 1700s

Question 6

What was James Hutton’s thoughts on fossils and when did he think of it?

Answer 6

Theory of the Earth, founder of modern geology, uniformitarianism, uncomformitites, plutonist, old earth. Late 1700s

Question 7

What was William “Strata” Smith’s thoughts on fossils and when did he think of it?

Answer 7

Correlation of rocks, first geological map. Early 1800s

Question 8

What was Arthur Holmes’s thoughts on fossils and when did he think of it?

Answer 8

Pioneered geochronology, first radiometric dating, age of the earth, mantle convection, first geological time scale. Early to middle 1900s

Question 9

When was the geological time discovered?

Answer 9

1913

Question 10

What’s the Prescoan (Hadean) time (Era) and when did it occur?

Answer 10

Formation of the planet and no rock known. 4.6-4.0 Ga

Question 11

What’s the Archean time (Era) and when did it occur?

Answer 11

Oldest known rocks, plate tectonics begin, oxygen-poor atmosphere, first life. 4.0-2.5 Ga

Question 12

What’s the Proterozoic (Era) time?

Answer 12

Large continents, Oxygen in atmosphere, first multi-cellular life.

Question 13

When was the first land organisms exist?

Answer 13

Middle Ordovician; 458 Ma

Question 14

When was the first fish exist?

Answer 14

Late Cambrian; 514 Ma

Question 15

When was the first tree, insect, and amphibian exist?

Answer 15

Early Devonian ; 390 Ma

Question 16

When was the first land plant and land animal exist?

Answer 16

Middle Silurian; 425 Ma

Question 17

When did the coal age and Pangea supercontinent occur?

Answer 17

Late Carboniferous; 306 Ma

Question 18

When was the first reptile exist?

Answer 18

Early Carboniferous; 356 Ma

Question 19

When was the first mammal and dinosaur exist?

Answer 19

Early Triassic; 327 Ma

Question 20

When did the mass extinction occur?

Answer 20

Late Permian; 255 Ma

Question 21

When was the first flowering plant, appearance of modern oceans, and the end of extinction occur?

Answer 21

Late Cretaceous; 94 Ma

Question 22

When was the age of dinosaurs, first bird existed, and pangea breaks up?

Answer 22

Early Jurassic: 195 Ma

Question 23

When did the Himalayas form and the modern continent arrangement?

Answer 23

Middle Miocene: 14 Ma

Question 24

When did modern animals exist and the age of mammals?

Answer 24

Middle Eocene: 52 Ma

Question 25

What period is compared to these months? Jan. - 3/4 of Nov.

Answer 25

Precambrian period

Question 26

What’s an index fossil?

Answer 26

A fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found.

Question 27

What’s strata?

Answer 27

Sedimentary layers

Question 28

What’s the law of faunal succession?

Answer 28

Sedimentary rock containing fossilized flora and faune that succeed each other vertically in a specific, reliable order that can be identified over wide horizontal distancaes