Chapter 21 Flashcards
What’s standard base education?
An outline of what students should know, understand, and be able to accomplish at different levels.
What’s the name of the current National Science Education Standards?
New Generation
What’s deep time?
The concept that the geological time scale is vast because the Earth is very old.
How do we tell it?
Billion years= Ga
Million years= Ma
Thousand years= Ka
What’s relative time?
Ages based on relationships
What’s the law of original horizontality?
Sediment layers that are deposited horizontally under gravity
What’s the law of superposition?
Deposited layers in a sequence where the oldest is on the bottom and the youngest is on top
What’s the law of lateral continuity?
Sediment layers extend laterally (sideways) in all directions but are now separated by a valley or an eriosional even
What’s the law of cross-cutting relationships?
A geological feature which cuts another, the youngest of the 2 features is the layer that cuts the other
What’s the principle of inclusions?
Inclusions (1 rock type contained in another rock type) are older than the rock they’re embedded in. Younger rock contain inclusions.
What’s unconformity?
A period of erosion where records of time are loss.
How old is the universe?
13.8 billion years old = 13.8 Ga
How old is the Earth?
4.567 billion years old ~ 4.6 Ga
How old are the rock in Lexington, KY?
450 million years old ~ 450 Ma
How do you measure 450 thousand years in deep time?
450 Ka
What’s the difference between standards and core content?
Standards are what students should know, understand, and be able to accomplish in the natural sciences at different levels that vary from state to state and grade to grade.
Core content are materials students will learn to help them learn the purpose of the lesson and achieve the state standards.
How do essential questions help students learn?
.By providing focus for the day
.By providing the basis for development of lesson plans/ units of study
.Address core content
What are operational definitions and how do they help students?
A different approach to vocabulary.
.By allowing students to construct their own understanding of key concepts
.Helps make meaning of scientific words after experiencing them
.Minimizes misconceptions
.Allows for generalization
What’s absolute-age dating?
Numerical age of rocks, rock layers, or fossils
What’s the law of faunal succession?
Sedimentary rock strata contain fossilized flora and fauna, succeeds each other vertically, reliable order that can be identified over wide horizontal distances
What does absolute time determine?
Radiometrical element half lives
Which half life helps determine the Earth’s age?
238U= 4.5 Ga
Which half life helps determine how old something is on Earth?
235U=704 Ma
Which half life helps determine how old something is in the modern time?
14C= 5,730 Ma
What does 542 Ma convert to in time?
21 hours and 9 minutes
What does 230 Ma convert to in time?
22 hours and 51 minutes
What does 65 Ma convert to in time?
23 hours, 39 minutes, and 18 seconds
What’s paleography?
The ancient geographic setting of an area
