Chapter 21

Question 1

What’s standard base education?

Answer 1

An outline of what students should know, understand, and be able to accomplish at different levels.

Question 2

What’s the name of the current National Science Education Standards?

Answer 2

New Generation

Question 3

What’s deep time?

Answer 3

The concept that the geological time scale is vast because the Earth is very old.

Question 4

How do we tell it?

Answer 4

Billion years= Ga
Million years= Ma
Thousand years= Ka

Question 5

What’s relative time?

Answer 5

Ages based on relationships

Question 6

What’s the law of original horizontality?

Answer 6

Sediment layers that are deposited horizontally under gravity

Question 7

What’s the law of superposition?

Answer 7

Deposited layers in a sequence where the oldest is on the bottom and the youngest is on top

Question 8

What’s the law of lateral continuity?

Answer 8

Sediment layers extend laterally (sideways) in all directions but are now separated by a valley or an eriosional even

Question 9

What’s the law of cross-cutting relationships?

Answer 9

A geological feature which cuts another, the youngest of the 2 features is the layer that cuts the other

Question 10

What’s the principle of inclusions?

Answer 10

Inclusions (1 rock type contained in another rock type) are older than the rock they’re embedded in. Younger rock contain inclusions.

Question 11

What’s unconformity?

Answer 11

A period of erosion where records of time are loss.

Question 12

How old is the universe?

Answer 12

13.8 billion years old = 13.8 Ga

Question 13

How old is the Earth?

Answer 13

4.567 billion years old ~ 4.6 Ga

Question 14

How old are the rock in Lexington, KY?

Answer 14

450 million years old ~ 450 Ma

Question 15

How do you measure 450 thousand years in deep time?

Answer 15

450 Ka

Question 16

What’s the difference between standards and core content?

Answer 16

Standards are what students should know, understand, and be able to accomplish in the natural sciences at different levels that vary from state to state and grade to grade.
Core content are materials students will learn to help them learn the purpose of the lesson and achieve the state standards.

Question 17

How do essential questions help students learn?

Answer 17

.By providing focus for the day
.By providing the basis for development of lesson plans/ units of study
.Address core content

Question 18

What are operational definitions and how do they help students?

Answer 18

A different approach to vocabulary.
.By allowing students to construct their own understanding of key concepts
.Helps make meaning of scientific words after experiencing them
.Minimizes misconceptions
.Allows for generalization

Question 19

What’s absolute-age dating?

Answer 19

Numerical age of rocks, rock layers, or fossils

Question 20

What’s the law of faunal succession?

Answer 20

Sedimentary rock strata contain fossilized flora and fauna, succeeds each other vertically, reliable order that can be identified over wide horizontal distances

Question 21

What does absolute time determine?

Answer 21

Radiometrical element half lives

Question 22

Which half life helps determine the Earth’s age?

Answer 22

238U= 4.5 Ga

Question 23

Which half life helps determine how old something is on Earth?

Answer 23

235U=704 Ma

Question 24

Which half life helps determine how old something is in the modern time?

Answer 24

14C= 5,730 Ma

Question 25

What does 542 Ma convert to in time?

Answer 25

21 hours and 9 minutes

Question 26

What does 230 Ma convert to in time?

Answer 26

22 hours and 51 minutes

Question 27

What does 65 Ma convert to in time?

Answer 27

23 hours, 39 minutes, and 18 seconds

Question 28

What’s paleography?

Answer 28

The ancient geographic setting of an area