Chapter 22 Flashcards
Three Key observations about life:
The ways organisms are suited to life in their environments
The shared characteristics (unity) of life
The diversity of life
He viewed species as fixed and arranged them on a?
Aristotle, Scala Naturae
holds that species were individually designed by God and therefore perfect
Old testament
was the founder of taxonomy, the branch of biology concerned with classifying organisms
interpreted organismal adaptations as evidence that the Creator had designed each species for a specific purpose
He developed the binomial format for naming species (for example, Homo sapiens)
Carolus Linnaeus
are remains or traces of organisms from the past, usually found in sedimentary rock, which appears in layers called strata
Fossils
Fossils re remains or traces of organisms from the past, usually found in sedimentary rock, which appears in layers called?
Strata
It is The study of fossils, was largely developed by French scientist Georges Cuvier
Paleontology
Who developed paleontology?
Georges Cuvier
hypothesized that species evolve through use and disuse of body parts and the inheritance of acquired characteristics
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
Where did darwin first studied medicine, then theology?
Cambridge University
In reassessing his observations, What did Darwin perceive to the environment and the origin of new species as closely related processes?
Adaptation
had developed a theory of natural selection similar to Darwin’s
Alfred Russel Wallace
summarized Darwin’s perception of the unity of life
Descent with Modification
the history of life is like a tree with branches representing life’s diversity
Darwinian View
Darwin noted that humans have modified other species by selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits, a process called?
Artificial Selection
Darwin drew two observations what are these?
Members in the population vary in different traits
All species can produce more
increases the frequency of adaptations that are favorable in a given environment
Natural Selection
What bacterium is commonly found in people?
Staphylococcus Aureus
It is a dangerous pathogen
Aureus (MRSA)
was discovered in 2015 and shows promise for treating resistant pathogens
Teixobactin
is similarity resulting from common ancestry
Homology
are remnants of features that served a function in the organism’s ancestors
Vestigial Structures
are diagrams that reflect hypotheses about the relationships among different groups
can be made using different types of data, for example, anatomical and DNA sequence data
Evolutionary Trees
provides evidence of the extinction of species, the origin of new groups, and changes within groups over time
Fossil Records
the scientific study of the geographic distribution of species, provides evidence of evolution
Biogeography
are species that are not found anywhere else in the world
Endemic Species
What did Darwin write that changed the course of biology?
Origin of species
What Ship did Charles Darwin boarded on for a five year around the world voyage and who accompanied him?
HMS Beagle, Robert Fitzroy
What are the 4 types of data that document the pattern of evolution
Direct observations, Biogeography, Homology, The fossil record
All vertebrates and embryos have 2 things in common what are these?
Post-Anal tail and Pharyngal arches
What are the key features of natural selection?
High reproduction rate than other inidivudals, High rate of adaptation, may give rise to new species
