CHAPTER 16 Flashcards
Became candidates for the genetic material
DNA and Protein
Who the discovered the genetic role of DNA in 1928
Francis Griffith
Now defined as a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of foreign DNA
Transformation
is DNA enclosed by a protective coat, often simply Protein
Virus
in 1950, he reported that DNA composition varies from one species to the next
Erwin Chargaff
the 4 nitrogenous bases of DNA
A (Adenine) - T (Thymine) - C (Cytosine) - G (Guanine)
a technique used by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin to study molecular structure
X - ray Crystallography
Their Subunits ran in opposite directions
Antiparallel
What is Chargaff’s rules?
A = T and G = C
Predicts that when a double Helix Replicates, each daughter molecule will have old strand and one newly made strand
Semiconservative Model of Replications
A Y - shaped region where new DNA strands are elongated
Replication Fork
Are enzymes that twist the double helix at the replication form
Helicases
Bind to and stabilize single stranded DNA
Single strand binding proteins
Relieves the strain of twisting of the double Helix by breaking, Swiveling and rejoining DNA strands
Topoisomerase
Require a primer to which they can add nucleotides
DNA Polymerases
Is synthesized as a series of segments called OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS, Which are Joined together by DNA LIGASE
Lagging Strand
The lagging strand Is synthesized as a series of segments called?
Okazaki Fragments
The lagging strand Is synthesized as a series of segments called OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS, Which are Joined together by?
DNA Ligase
Synthesizes an RNA primer at 5’ end of leading strand and at 5’ end of each okazaki fragment in the lagging strand.
Primase
What does DNA Polymerase do to Mismatched pair of Enzymes
Repair them
What does DNA Polymerase do in Nucleotide Excision Repair
Replaces damaged stretches of DNA
Loosely Packed chromatin is called?
euchromatin
What are the Few regions of chromatin that are highly condensed called?
Heterochromatin
Using parental DNA as a template, synthesizes new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to an RNA primer or a pre-existing DNA strand
DNA Pol III
Removes RNA nucleotides of primer from 5’ end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides added to 3º end of adjacent fragment
DNA Pol I
Joins Okazaki fragments of lagging strand; on leading strand, joins 3 end of DNA that replaces primer to rest of leading strand DNA
DNA Ligase
Who developed the Semiconservative model of replication
James Watson And Francis Crick
