CHAPTER 14 Flashcards
is the idea that genetic material from the two parents blends together
Blending Hypothesis
A heritable feature that varies among individuals (such as flower color) is called a?
Character
Each variant for a character, such as purple or white color for flowers is called a?
Trait
plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate
True-Breeding
Mendel mated two contrasting, true-breeding varieties, what is this process called?
Hybridization
The true-breeding parents are called the?
P generation
The hybrid offspring of the P generation are called the
F1 generation
When F1 individuals self-pollinate or cross-pollinate with other F1 hybrids, what is produced?
F2 Generation
What are the alternative versions of a gene are called
Allele
determines the organism’s appearance
Dominant Allele
has no noticeable effect on appearance
Recessive Allele
The two alleles for a heritable character separate (segregate) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
Law of segregation
An organism with two identical alleles for a character is called a?
Homozygote
An organism with two different alleles for a gene is a?
Heterozygote
another classification of physical appearance?
Phenotype
Another classification of Genetic makeup
Genotype
breeding the mystery individual with a homozygous recessive individual, what is this called?
Testcross
an organism that is a hybrid for a single trait, or a cross between two organisms that differ in one genetic trait
Monohybird
Crossing two true-breeding parents differing in two characters produces what?
Dihybrids
a cross between F1 dihybrids, can determine whether two characters are transmitted to offspring as a package or independently
Dihybrid Cross
When alleles are not completely dominant or recessive
Degree of dominance
When a gene has more than two alleles
Multiple Genes
When a gene produces multiple phenotypes
Pleiotrophy
occurs when phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical
Complete Dominance
the phenotype of F1 hybrids is somewhere between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties
Incomplete Dominance
Two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways
Condominance
is fatal; a dysfunctional enzyme causes an accumulation of lipids in the brain
Try-sachs disease
expression of a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus
Epistasis
are those that vary in the population along a continuum
Quantitative Characters
an additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype
Polygenic Inheritance
is a form of dwarfism caused by a rare dominant allele
Achondroplasia
The disease has no obvious phenotypic effects until the individual is about 35 to 40 years of ages a degenerative disease of the nervous system
Huntingtons Disease
Developed the Blending Hypothesis
Gregor Mendel
Traits that depend on multiple genes combined with environmental influences are called
Multifactorial
is a family tree that describes the interrelationships of parents and children across generations
Pedigree
Heterozygotes may transmit the recessive allele to their offspring and thus are called?
Carriers
