CHAPTER 19 Flashcards
Is an infectious particles consisting of little more than genes packaged in the protein coat
Virus
Where is the virus packaged?
Protein Coat
A german scientist that was studying tobacco mosaic disease
He suggested that the disease was caused by “unusual small bacteria that were invisible under the microscope”
Adolf Mayer
Virus genomes may consist double of double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, Single-stranded RNA. They are either called?
RNA or DNA Virus
The protein shell enclosed the viral genome is called?
Capsid
Some viruses have accessory structure that helps infects host called the?
Viral Envelops
Virus lack metabolic enzymes and equipment for making proteins. There they are?
Obligate Parasites
Each particular Virus can infect cells of only a limited number of host species called the?
Host Cells
The virus identifies host species by a method called?
Handshakes
T-even phages use what to bind and infect to a host cell?
Elaborate tail apparatus
Other virus are taken up by the?
Endocytosis
Viral Nucleic acid and _______ spontaneously self-assemble into new viruses
Capsomeres
Are best understood of all Viruses
Phages
What are the 2 reproductive mechanisms of Phages
Lytic Cycle and Lysogenic Cycle
Is the phage replicative that culminates in the death of the host cell
Lytic Cycle
A phage that reproduces only in the lytic cycle is called the?
Virulent Phage
Bacteria have defense mechanisms against phages, it recognizes and cuts up certain phage DNA. What is this?
Restrictive Enzymes
Replicates the phage genome without destroying the Host
Lysogenic Cycle
The integrated viral DNA is known as the?
Prophage
Phages that use both the Lytic and Lysogenic cycle is called the?
Temperate Phages
Many viruses that infect animals have a?
Membranous Envelope
Other viral membranes form the host’s nuclear envelope and are then replaced by an envelope made from?
Golgi Apparatus Membrane
Uses reverse transcriptase to copy their RNA genome into DNA
Retroviruses
Retroviruses uses what to copy their RNA genome into DNA
Reverse transcriptase
Is a retrovirus that causes AIDS
HIV
Viruses may damage or kill cells by causing the release of hydrolytic enzymes from?
Lysosomes
Are harmless derivative of pathogenic microbes that stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the harmful pathogen
Vaccines
Are viruses that suddenly become apparent
Emerging Virus
Have high rate of mutation because the viral RNA polymerases do not proofread and correct errors in replicating their RNA genomes.
RNA Viruses
Plant viruses spread disease in two major modes, what are they?
Vertical and Horizontal Transmissions
Is a mode of Spreading in plant viruses that is entering through damaged cell walls
Horizontal Transmission
Is a mode of Spreading in plant viruses that is inheriting the virus from the parent
Vertical Transmission
Are small circular RNA molecules that infect plants and disrupt their growth.
Viroid’s
Are slow-acting, virtually indestructible infectious proteins that cause brain diseases in mammals.
Prions
