Chapter 22 Flashcards
Aura
a set of sensory disturbances that some people experience before a migraine headache or a seizure
diabetes mellitus
chronic medical condition characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (sugar)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
complication of diabetes mellitus, most commonly associated with Type 1 diabetes. It occurs when there is a severe shortage of insulin, leading to the body breaking down fat for energy
Epilepsy
neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures
Generalized seizure
type of seizure that involves widespread electrical activity throughout the entire brain. Unlike focal seizures, which originate in a specific area of the brain, generalized seizures affect both hemispheres of the brain from the onset
Glucose
primary source of energy for cells in the body
Hyperglycemia
high levels of glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream
Hypoglycemia
occurs when blood glucose (sugar) levels drop below normal levels, typically below 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)
Insulin
hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach, gets glucose to the cells
Partial seizure
type of seizure that originates in a specific area of the brain rather than affecting the entire brain
Postictal seizure
the period following a seizure
Seizure
sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, feelings, or levels of consciousness
Status epilepticus
medical emergency characterized by prolonged or continuous seizures without a return to normal consciousness between episodes or one seizure lasting over ten minutes
Stroke
when there is a disruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to damage or death of brain cells
Syncope
Fainting
Tonic-clonic seizure
A two phase seizure, the first tonic phase the patient stiffens, the clonic phase they jerk around
Three things the brain needs
Oxygen, glucose, water
What has symptoms of fruity smelling breath?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Which glycemic emergencies onset fast and which slow
hyperglycemia has a slower onset, hypoglycemia has a rapid onset
How will the skin of hyper and hypoglycemic patients compare?
Hyperglycemic patient will have warm, red, dry skin. Hypoglycemic patients will have pale, moist, and clammy skin
What is the phase of a seizure where convulsions stop
Postictal
What is a seizure of unknown cause called
Idiopathic
Vagus nerve stimulator
delivers regular, mild electrical pulses to the left vagus nerve. These electrical pulses are thought to modulate abnormal electrical activity in the brain that can trigger seizures
Most common cause of seizure in infants/children
High fevers or sudden rise in temperature
Ischemic vs hemorrhagic seizure
Ischemic is caused by blockage, hemorrhagic is caused by bleeding
Aphasia
Difficulty communicating
Transient ischemic attack
Mini stroke which complete symptom resolution within 24 hours
Cincinnati pre hospital stroke scale
Facial droop, arm drift, speech
What are normal glucose levels
Less than 140 mg/dl
Hyper vs hypoglycemic
Hyper refers to higher than normal blood glucose levels, and hypo refers to lower than normal
