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kin 224 > chapter 22 > Flashcards

chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

selected organs house

A

macrophages

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2
Q

secondary lymphatic structures house

A

T and B-lymphocytes
macrophages
dendritic cells
NK cells

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3
Q

epithelial layers of skin and mucosal membrane house

A

dendritic cells

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4
Q

connective tissue houses

A

mast cells

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5
Q

definition of cytokines

A

small proteins that regulate immune activity

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6
Q

how does cytokines regulate immune activity?

A

they’re chemical messenger released from on cell that bind to receptors of target cells

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7
Q

cytokines are similar to hormones. why?

A

autocrine
paracrine
endocrine

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8
Q

effects of cytokines

A

signaling cells
controlling behavior of immune system
regulation inflammatory process
destroying cells

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9
Q

innate immunity is _____ while adaptive immunity is ______

A

nonspecific and fast
specific and long

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10
Q

first line of defense in innate immunity

A

skin
mucosal membrane

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11
Q

second line of defense in innate immunity

A

cells
antimicrobial proteins
inflammation
fever

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12
Q

phagocytic cells

A

neutrophils
macrophages
dendritic cells

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13
Q

promote inflammation

A

basophils
mast cells

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14
Q

mast cells and basophils release

A

histamin (vasodilation)
heparin (anticoagulant)

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15
Q

NK cells perform ______ which means they patrol the body

A

immune surveillance

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16
Q

process of killing by NK cells

A

they release perforin which creates transmembrane pores
they release granzymes which enter through the pores
apoptosis

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17
Q

eosinophils attack

A

multicellular parasites

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18
Q

eosinophils participate in immune responses related to

A

allergy
asthma

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19
Q

antimicrobial proteins against

A

microbes

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20
Q

interferon

A

antimicrobial protein
class of cytokines
impedes viral spread
interfere with viruses

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21
Q

pathways of complement system

A

common: complement binds to antibody
alternative: complement binds to polysaccharides of bacterial cell wall

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22
Q

effects of complement system

A

opsonization
inflammation
cytolysis
elimination of immune complexes

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23
Q

events of inflammation

A

released chemicals
recruitment of leukocytes
delivery of plasma proteins

24
Q

margination

A

adherence of leukocytes to endothelial CAMs

25
Q

diapedesis

A

leukocytes squeeze out blood vessels

26
Q

chemotaxis

A

leukocytes are attracted by chemical released from damaged cells

27
Q

during the first phase of inflammation, what happen?

A

vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, increased display of CAMs

28
Q

what kind of protein are delivered in the 3 phase of inflammation?

A

clotting proteins
kinin: stimulates pain receptors (bradykinin)

29
Q

effects of inflammation

A

exudate moves from blood to injured cell
vasodilation
increased capillary permeability
loss of plasma proteins
extra fluid wash the area

30
Q

cardiac signs of inflammation

A

redness
heat
swelling
pain
loss of function

31
Q

fever or _____ is the result from release of _____

A

pyrexia
pyrogens

32
Q

events of onset

A

pyrogens target hypothalamus
hypothalamus releases prostaglandin E2
hypothalamus raises temperature

33
Q

adaptive immunity involves specific

A

antigen

34
Q

cell-mediated immunity involves

A

T-lymphocytes

35
Q

humoral immunity involves

A

B-lymphocytes
plasma cells
antibodies

36
Q

antigen

A

substance that binds to T-lymphocyte or antibody

37
Q

examples of antigen

A

protein capsid of viruses
call wall of bacteria or fungi
bacterial toxins
tumor antigens
abnormal proteins

38
Q

autoimmune disorders

A

system reacts to self-antigen as if foreign

39
Q

antigen determinat

A

epitope
specific site of an antigen that the system recognize

40
Q

haptens

A

too small
don’t function alone

41
Q

TRC is antigen receptor of

A

T-lymphocytes

42
Q

BCR is antigen receptor of

A

B-lymphocytes

43
Q

B-lymphocytes make ______ contact with antigen

A

direct

44
Q

T-lymphocytes have ______ _______ by another cell

A

antigen presented

45
Q

subtypes of T-lymphocytes

A

Helper T-lymphocytes: CD4
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes: CD8

46
Q

MHC I is found on all

A

nucleated cells

47
Q

MHC II is found on

A

APCs

48
Q

life events of lymphocytes

A

formation of lymphocytes
activation of lymphocytes
effector response

49
Q

formation of lymphocytes occurs in

A

red bone marrow
thymus

50
Q

activation of lymphocytes occurs in

A

secondary lymphatic structures

51
Q

in effector response phase, T-lymphocytes migrate to

A

site of infection

52
Q

3 phases of thymic selection

A

postive selection
negative selection
differentiation

53
Q

what percentage of T-lymphocytes pass the 3 phases of thymic selection?

A

2%

54
Q

positive selection

A

cortex of thymus
ability to bind MHC molecules

55
Q

negative selection

A

medulla of thymus
ability to NOT bind self-antigens (self tolerance)

56
Q

regulatory T-lymphocytes (tregs)

A

tolerance outside primary lymphatic structures (peripheral tolerance)

57
Q

events of fever

A

onset
stadium
defervescence

kin 224 (7 decks)

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