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kin 224 > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

vessels are composed of 3 layers called

A

tunics

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2
Q

name the 3 tunics

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

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3
Q

lumen

A

space inside each vessel

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4
Q

the endothelium of tunica intima is

A

simple squamous epithelium

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5
Q

in which layer of tunica are the smooth muscle cells with elastic fibers?

A

tunica media

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6
Q

function of tunica externa

A

protection

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7
Q

tunica media is thicker in

A

arteries

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8
Q

tunica externa is thicker in

A

veins

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9
Q

which vessel have valves?
artery or vein

A

vein

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10
Q

the lumen is narrowed in
arteries or veins

A

arteries

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11
Q

which vessel has less elastic and collagen fibers?

A

veins

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12
Q

what happen if the lumen diameter of an artery decrease?

A

elastic and collagen fibers decrease
smooth muscle cells increase

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13
Q

types of arteries

A

elastic or conducting
muscular
arterioles

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14
Q

e.g of elastic arteries

A

aorta, pulmonary trunk, common carotid, common iliac

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15
Q

muscular arteries distribute blood to _____ body regions

A

specific

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16
Q

muscular arteries allows more:

A

vasoconstriction and vasodilatation

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17
Q

name the two elastic layers in muscular arteries

A

internal elastic layer
external elastic layer

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18
Q

e.g. of muscular arteries

A

brachial artery, coronary arteries

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19
Q

types of capillaries

A

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoid

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20
Q

continuous capillaries have ______ allowing small particles to pass through

A

intercellular clefts

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21
Q

where are the continuous capillaries found?

A

muscle, skin, lungs, CNS

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22
Q

fenestrated capillaries have ______ allowing the movements of smaller plasma proteins

A

fenestrations (pores)

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23
Q

where are the fenestrated capillaries found?

A

intestine
kidney

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24
Q

capillary beds are bed by

A

metarteriole

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25
Q

distal part of a metarteriole

A

thoroughfare channel

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26
Q

vasomotion

A

cycle of contracting and relaxing of precapillary sphincters

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27
Q

pathways of blood vessels

A

simple
alternative:
arterial anastomosis
venous anastomosis
arteriovenous anastomosis
portal system

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28
Q

sequence of portal system pathway

A

artery
capillary bed
portal vein
capillary bed
vein

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29
Q

blood flow is fastest in _____ arteries

A

elastic

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30
Q

bulk flow

A

fluid flow down gradient pressure

31
Q

filtration

A

fluid OUT of blood
occurs in arterial end

32
Q

reabsorption

A

fluid back into blood
occurs in venous end

33
Q

chemical that alter blood flow

A

vasoactive chemicals

34
Q

vasodilators

A

dilate arterioles
relax sphincters
increase flow into capillary beds

35
Q

vasoconstrictors

A

constrict arterioles
contraction of sphincters
decrease flow into capillary beds

36
Q

blood pressure

A

force against the vessel wall

37
Q

blood pressure in higher in _____ and lower in ______

A

arteries, veins

38
Q

systolic pressure

A

pressure when the ventricle contracts
120 mmHg

39
Q

diastolic pressure

A

pressure when the ventricle relax
80mmHg

40
Q

pulse

A

same as heartbeat

41
Q

formula for pulse pressure

A

systolic - diastolic pressure

42
Q

men arterial presssure formula

A

systolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

43
Q

venous return depends on

A

skeletal muscle pump
respiratory pump

44
Q

resistance is affected by

A

viscosity
lumen length
lumen size

45
Q

blood pressure depends on

A

cardiac output
resistance
blood volume

46
Q

two parts of cardiovascular center

A

cardio center
vasomotor center

47
Q

cardiac center

A

influences blood pressure by the cardiac output

48
Q

vasomotor center

A

influences blood pressure by vessel diameter (resistance)
origin of sympathetic pathways

49
Q

cardioacceleratoy

A

increases cardiac output and blood pressure

50
Q

cardioinhibitory

A

decreases cardiac output and blood pressure

51
Q

baroreceptors

A

receptors for blood pressure

52
Q

chemoreceptors reflexes stimules

A

high CO2
low pH
low O2
high blood pressure

53
Q

location of chemoreceptors

A

aortic arch uses via vagus nerve
carotid bodies uses via glossopharyngeal nerve

54
Q

angiotensin II _____ blood pressure
increases or decreases

A

increases

55
Q

where is inactive angiotensinogen made?

A

liver

56
Q

renin is released by the

A

kidney in response to low blood pressure

57
Q

renin converts ______ to _____

A

angiotensinogen, angiotensin I

58
Q

Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by

A

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) located in the lungs

59
Q

how does angiotensin II raise blood pressure?

A

vasoconstriction
stimulates thirst center
decreases urine formation
stimulation of release of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

60
Q

function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

A

decreases blood pressure
vasodilation
increases urine output

61
Q

internal thoracic artery becomes

A

superior epigastric artery

62
Q

internal jugular vein becomes

A

brachiocephalic vein

63
Q

hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins are in the _____ side

A

right

64
Q

azygos are in the _____ side

A

left

65
Q

celiac trunk branches into

A

left gastric artery
splenic artery
common hepatic artery: hepatic artery proper, gastroduodenal artery

66
Q

great saphenous vein originates in _____ ankle and drains into _____ vein

A

medial, femoral

67
Q

small saphenous vein originates in _____ ankle and drains into the _____ vein

A

lateral, plopiteal

68
Q

Exchange processes that occur in capillaries include ______

A

diffusion
bulk flow
vesicular transport

69
Q

The arteries that supply the mammary gland and anterior thoracic wall are the

A

internal thoracic arteries

70
Q

The bronchial arteries that supply the bronchi, bronchioles, and connective tissue of the lungs emerge as tiny branches from the anterior wall of the ______.

A

descending thoracic aorta

71
Q

The left and right bronchial veins drain into the ______.

A

azygos venous system

72
Q

Which paired arterial branches emerge from the sides of the descending abdominal aorta?

A

middle suprarenal arteries
gonadal arteries
renal arteries

73
Q

In general, as an artery’s diameter decreases, the artery walls show

A

+ smooth muscle
- elastic fibers

74
Q

Blood velocity is measured in _________ and is generally _________ related to total cross-sectional area of blood vessels.

A

cm/s
inversely

kin 224 (7 decks)

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