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Pharmacology > chapter 21 - vasopressors and inotropes > Flashcards

chapter 21 - vasopressors and inotropes Flashcards

1
Q

what are inotropes?

A

drugs that either increase or decrease heart contractility.
positive inotropes increase it.
negative inotropes decrease it.

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2
Q

what is a Chronotropic agent?

A

drug that will increase or decrease heart rate

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3
Q

give examples of catecholamines

5 examples

A 
Norepinephrine
Isoproterenol
Dopamine
Phenylephrine
Vasopressin
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4
Q

what drugs can be used to treat torsades?

3 drugs

A

isuprel (isoproteronol), magnesium, or procainamide

Procainamide is the indicated treatment.

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5
Q

what effects does isoproteronol have?

A

has beta 1 positive inotropic and chronotropic effects and beta 2 vasodilation and bronchodialation.

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6
Q

what can you say about the effects of dopamine?

A

it is dose dependant.
lower doses can increase blood flow to the kidneys but not raise contractility too high.
higher doses are the reverse

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7
Q

what should you be aware of before giving dopamine to a patient.

A

It increases afterload and O2 demand in the heart.

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8
Q

Why is dopamine not a first choice drug for sepsis patients?

what drug is the better choice?

A

sepsis patients have trouble oxygenating their body.

dopamine increases heart O2 demand and makes this self defeating

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9
Q

what are some adverse effects of dopamine?

4 effects

A

Tachyarrhythmias, ectopic beat, palpitations, decreased perfusion

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10
Q

what are the effects of Phenylephrine?

A

purely an α-agonist

it causes vasoconstriction at most vascular beds and causes a rise in systolic BP

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11
Q

what does Phenylephrine have the potential to cause?

A

it can cause reflex bradycardia from aortic constriction.

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12
Q

when would you use vasopressin?

A

when a patient is hypotensive due to fluid loss because this drug is an antidiuretic drug.

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13
Q

what is an adverse effect to vasopressin?

A

may decrease splanchnic blood flow. which blood flow to the digestive system.

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14
Q

what is dobutamine used for?

A

short term treatment of heart failure secondary to decreased heart contractility.

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15
Q

Dobutamine is a right isomer to what drug?

A

dopamine

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16
Q

What are the effects of the isomer of dobutamine?

A

Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects and vasodilation

17
Q

what is digoxin used for and what are its effects?

A

management of chronic heart failure and inhibits vagus nerve and slows HR.
Blocks AV node and prolongs refractory period

18
Q

Give an example of a class I - A Antiarrhythmic drug?

A

Procainamide

19
Q

What are 2 things that can cause irritations to the heart muscle?

A

Hypoxemia and Acidosis

20
Q

Give an example of a Class I-B Antiarrhythmic drug?

A

Lidocaine

21
Q

What might you use to treat a patient who has coughing reflex due to an ET tube placement?

A

Lidocaine dropped into ET tube to soothe out the Carina.

22
Q

what is Lidocaine used to treat?

A

VENTRICULAR Arrhythmia
Soothes irritated portions of the heart and relaxes the heart.
But too much can slow the heart down too much.

23
Q

Beta Blockers have what effect on the heart?

A

They are negative inotropes. they decrease contractility

24
Q

what do can you use to treat patients with supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Adenosine.

Which stops the heart and due to 12 second half life, the heart should restart right away.

25
Q

What is an alternative route of administration after IV?

A

intraosseous and ET Tube

26
Q

WHat arethe durgs that can be adminstered through the ET tube?

A 
Narcan/Naloxone
Atropine
Vasopressin
Epinephrine
Lidocane
27
Q

What is a first line therapy for hypotensive episodes?

A

Fluids

28
Q

Class I-A anti-arrhythythmics drugs are associated with what cardiac actions?

A

Pro arrhythmic properties like QT-interval prolongation

29
Q

Procainamide belongs to what class of Antiarrhythmic drugs?

A

CLASS I-A

30
Q

Class I-B anti-arrhythythmics drugs are associated with treating what cardiac conditions?

A

Ventricular arrhythmias

31
Q

Lidocaine belongs to what class of Antiarrhythmic drugs?

A

CLASS I-B

32
Q

CLASS I-C Antiarrhythmic drugs are commonly used to treat what?

A

Supra ventricular tachycardia (SVT)

But they can also have activity against ventricular arrhythmias as well

33
Q

CLASS II Antiarrhythmic agents contain what kind of drugs? What conditions do they treat?

A

Beta blockers

Management of hypertension and post-myocardial infarction

34
Q

Propranolol and metoprolol belong what what class of Antiarrhythmic drugs?

A

Beta blockers

Trick is they all end in “lol”

35
Q

Beta blockers are commonly used for what type of effects on the heart?

A

Negative Dromotropic and negative chronotropic properties

36
Q

What class of Antiarrhythmic drugs belong to CLASS IV?

A

Calcium channel blockers

37
Q

Calcium channel blockers manage what?

A

SVT and ventricular rate control for AF

38
Q

Verapamil and diltiazem belong to what class of drugs?

A

CLASS IV - calcium channel blockers

39
Q

Adenosine is used to treat what?

A

SVT

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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