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Pharmacology > Aerosolized anti infective drugs > Flashcards

Aerosolized anti infective drugs Flashcards

0
Q

What is Pentamidine used for?

A

Prevention of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

Or pneumocystis jiroveci in HIV patients

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1
Q

What is pentamidine dosage and forms?

A

Its only an aerosol drug in a dry powder that need to be reconstituted with WATER only. Saline causes precipitate.
300 mg once a month(every 4 weeks)

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2
Q

What do you give the patient first before administering pentamidine?
2 options

A

A beta adrenergic bronchodilator or a parasympatholytic

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3
Q

What’s the brand name of pentamidine?

A

(nebupent)

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4
Q

Brand name of ribavirin?

A

Virazole

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5
Q

Brand name of tobramycin?

A

Tobi

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6
Q

Brand name of aztreonam?

A

Cayston

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7
Q

Brand name of zanamivir?

A

Relenza

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8
Q

What anti infective drugs need a bronchodilator before administration?

A
  • Pentamidine/nebupent

- aztreonam/cayston

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9
Q

What is tobramycin used for?

A

Management of chronic pseudo infection

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10
Q

When do we use pentamidine now a days?

A

When patient has adverse side effects to TMP-SMX

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12
Q

What does zanamivir treat?

A

Flu

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13
Q

What is aztreonam used for?

A

To improve pulmonary symptoms of pseudo infection

But only if they are older then 7

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14
Q

What special neb do you use for ribavirin and how long is the treatment?

A

SPAG 2

- treatment should be 12 to 18 hours a day

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16
Q

What’s so special about respiguard 2?

2 things

A
  • It has a filter at the end of the mouth piece that prevents patient’s exhale from spreading bacteria.
  • there is a stop control on handle that ensures patient get as much of dosage as possible.
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17
Q

What does ribavirin treat?

4 things

A
  • Treats non routine RSV infections in infants
  • hep c
  • hanta virus
  • hemorrhagic fever
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18
Q

What are side effects of virazole?

5 things

A
  • Decreased pulmonary function
  • Increased asthma
  • Apnea
  • Pneumothorax
  • Carcinogenic
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19
Q

What does synagis treat?

2 things

A

More advised treatment of RSV

Prevention of lower respi tract infection

20
Q

What are some adverse reactions of palivizumab?

2 things

A
  • Upper respi infection

- anaphylaxis In rare cases

21
Q

What do we presently use to treat patients with PCP?

A

TMP-SMX.

22
Q

What is an indication NOT to use cayston?

A

When the patient is younger then 7

23
Q

What are the clinical effects of tobi?

A
  • Increased lung function

- decrease density of pseudo to cough it out in sputum

24
Q

What are some side effects of para enteral administration tobi?
4 things

A
  • ototoxicity
  • hypomagnesemia (heart)
  • curare like effects (neuromuscular blocking
  • nephrotoxocity
25
Q

What are some side effects of aerosolized administration of tobi?
(2 things)

A
  • voice change

- tinnitus

26
Q

What are some things to consider when taking tobi?
-with regards to the nebulizer your using.
2 things

A
  • constant usage on the same nebulizer can clog it.

- unable to mix with other antibiotics. Each drug must be administered separately.

27
Q

What do you treat with relenza?

A
  • Flu patients who are older then 5

- swine flu

28
Q

How do you administer cayston?

2 ways

A

Aerosol

Injection

29
Q

What is a side effect of taking aztreonam by aerosol?

A

-Broncospasm

30
Q

What’s the mode of action of tobi?

2 things

A
  • Bactericidal

- stop protein synthesis

31
Q

What’s the mode of action of zanmivir?

A

Causes neuraminidase on viruses to stick together, not allowing them to infect other cells.

32
Q

When do you use zanmivir on a patient?

A

Only after onset of flu symptoms.

It’s not a prophylactic.

33
Q

What’s an indicator when NOT to give zanmivir?

A

When the patient has an underlying pulmonary disorder.

Like asthma

34
Q

What are some adverse side effects of zanmivir?

2 things

A
  • Bronchospams

- decreased lung function.

35
Q

What special neb do you used for pentamidine?

A

Respiguard 2

43
Q

What is an indication when to use TOBI?

A

Patient is under 7 years old

44
Q

What drugs need to be reconstituted from dry powder?

A
  • pentamidine

- ribavirin

45
Q

What’s the route of administration for Palivizumab?

A

Intramuscular injection only

46
Q

What’s the mode of action palivizumab?

A
  • Stops viral replication

- stops fusing of mucous cells

47
Q

What are some side effects of taking pentamidine by paraenteral?
By IV SPECIFICALLY

A
  • Thrombophlebitis

- HYPOGLYCEMIA followed by HYPERGLYCEMIA due to breakdown of pancreatic cells

48
Q

What are some side effects of taking pentamidine by paraenteral?
By aerosol specifically

A
  • cough and bronchial irritation
  • bronchospasm and wheezing
  • bad taste in mouth
49
Q

Is ribavirin a virostatic or virocidal?

A

Virostatic

50
Q

Can tobi be recommended for patients other than pseudo infected CF patients?

A

No

51
Q

What are 2 drugs used for treatment of RSV infections?

A

Palivizumab/synagis

Viraszole/ribavirin

52
Q

What are some aerosolized drugs that can cause bronchospasm?

At least 4 from chapter 13

A
  • Aztreonam/caustic
  • Pentamidine/nebupent
  • Virazole/ribavirin
  • Zanamivir/relenza

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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