Aerosolized anti infective drugs

Question 0

What is Pentamidine used for?

Answer 0

Prevention of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

Or pneumocystis jiroveci in HIV patients

Question 1

What is pentamidine dosage and forms?

Answer 1

Its only an aerosol drug in a dry powder that need to be reconstituted with WATER only. Saline causes precipitate.
300 mg once a month(every 4 weeks)

Question 2

What do you give the patient first before administering pentamidine?
2 options

Answer 2

A beta adrenergic bronchodilator or a parasympatholytic

Question 3

What’s the brand name of pentamidine?

Answer 3

(nebupent)

Question 4

Brand name of ribavirin?

Answer 4

Virazole

Question 5

Brand name of tobramycin?

Answer 5

Tobi

Question 6

Brand name of aztreonam?

Answer 6

Cayston

Question 7

Brand name of zanamivir?

Answer 7

Relenza

Question 8

What anti infective drugs need a bronchodilator before administration?

Answer 8

• Pentamidine/nebupent

- aztreonam/cayston

Question 9

What is tobramycin used for?

Answer 9

Management of chronic pseudo infection

Question 10

When do we use pentamidine now a days?

Answer 10

When patient has adverse side effects to TMP-SMX

Question 12

What does zanamivir treat?

Answer 12

Flu

Question 13

What is aztreonam used for?

Answer 13

To improve pulmonary symptoms of pseudo infection

But only if they are older then 7

Question 14

What special neb do you use for ribavirin and how long is the treatment?

Answer 14

SPAG 2

- treatment should be 12 to 18 hours a day

Question 16

What’s so special about respiguard 2?

2 things

Answer 16

• It has a filter at the end of the mouth piece that prevents patient’s exhale from spreading bacteria.
• there is a stop control on handle that ensures patient get as much of dosage as possible.

Question 17

What does ribavirin treat?

4 things

Answer 17

• Treats non routine RSV infections in infants
• hep c
• hanta virus
• hemorrhagic fever

Question 18

What are side effects of virazole?

5 things

Answer 18

• Decreased pulmonary function
• Increased asthma
• Apnea
• Pneumothorax
• Carcinogenic

Question 19

What does synagis treat?

2 things

Answer 19

More advised treatment of RSV

Prevention of lower respi tract infection

Question 20

What are some adverse reactions of palivizumab?

2 things

Answer 20

• Upper respi infection

- anaphylaxis In rare cases

Question 21

What do we presently use to treat patients with PCP?

Answer 21

TMP-SMX.

Question 22

What is an indication NOT to use cayston?

Answer 22

When the patient is younger then 7

Question 23

What are the clinical effects of tobi?

Answer 23

• Increased lung function

- decrease density of pseudo to cough it out in sputum

Question 24

What are some side effects of para enteral administration tobi?
4 things

Answer 24

• ototoxicity
• hypomagnesemia (heart)
• curare like effects (neuromuscular blocking
• nephrotoxocity

Question 25

What are some side effects of aerosolized administration of tobi?
(2 things)

Answer 25

• voice change

- tinnitus

Question 26

What are some things to consider when taking tobi? -with regards to the nebulizer your using. 2 things

Answer 26

- constant usage on the same nebulizer can clog it. | - unable to mix with other antibiotics. Each drug must be administered separately.

Question 27

What do you treat with relenza?

Answer 27

- Flu patients who are older then 5 | - swine flu

Question 28

How do you administer cayston? | 2 ways

Answer 28

Aerosol | Injection

Question 29

What is a side effect of taking aztreonam by aerosol?

Answer 29

-Broncospasm

Question 30

What's the mode of action of tobi? | 2 things

Answer 30

- Bactericidal | - stop protein synthesis

Question 31

What's the mode of action of zanmivir?

Answer 31

Causes neuraminidase on viruses to stick together, not allowing them to infect other cells.

Question 32

When do you use zanmivir on a patient?

Answer 32

Only after onset of flu symptoms. | It's not a prophylactic.

Question 33

What's an indicator when NOT to give zanmivir?

Answer 33

When the patient has an underlying pulmonary disorder. | Like asthma

Question 34

What are some adverse side effects of zanmivir? | 2 things

Answer 34

- Bronchospams | - decreased lung function.

Question 35

What special neb do you used for pentamidine?

Answer 35

Respiguard 2

Question 43

What is an indication when to use TOBI?

Answer 43

Patient is under 7 years old

Question 44

What drugs need to be reconstituted from dry powder?

Answer 44

- pentamidine | - ribavirin

Question 45

What's the route of administration for Palivizumab?

Answer 45

Intramuscular injection only

Question 46

What's the mode of action palivizumab?

Answer 46

- Stops viral replication | - stops fusing of mucous cells

Question 47

What are some side effects of taking pentamidine by paraenteral? By IV SPECIFICALLY

Answer 47

- Thrombophlebitis | - HYPOGLYCEMIA followed by HYPERGLYCEMIA due to breakdown of pancreatic cells

Question 48

What are some side effects of taking pentamidine by paraenteral? By aerosol specifically

Answer 48

- cough and bronchial irritation - bronchospasm and wheezing - bad taste in mouth

Question 49

Is ribavirin a virostatic or virocidal?

Answer 49

Virostatic

Question 50

Can tobi be recommended for patients other than pseudo infected CF patients?

Answer 50

No

Question 51

What are 2 drugs used for treatment of RSV infections?

Answer 51

Palivizumab/synagis | Viraszole/ribavirin

Question 52

What are some aerosolized drugs that can cause bronchospasm? | At least 4 from chapter 13

Answer 52

- Aztreonam/caustic - Pentamidine/nebupent - Virazole/ribavirin - Zanamivir/relenza