Chapter 14 anti-microbial Flashcards
What do Second-generation cephalosporins treat?
Mostly gram-positive organisms with some gram-negative
What do first-generation cephalosporins treat?
Very active against gram-positive organisms
What are the two types of second generation cephalosporins?
- Synthetic Cephamycin
- true cephalosporins
What do second-generation synthetic cephamycin treat?
Gram-negative organisms and anaerobics
What do third-generation cephalosporin treat?
Most active against gram-negative organisms
What do fourth generation cephalosporins treat?
Effective against both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms
What antibiotic drugs are in the beta-lactam category
- 4 types
- penicillin
- cephalosporins
- carbapenems
- Monobactam
Aztreonam is what kind of antibiotic?
Monobactam
What do beta-lactam’s generally do to bacteria?
- inhibit cell wall synthesis
- activate cell death mechanism auto cell lysis
- Bacteriocidal
Tobramycin and gentamicin are a part of what antibiotic class?
Aminoglycosides
What drugs are useful in treating herpes and Varicella?
Drugs that end in “ovir”
Like:
-acyclovir
-valacyclovir
What is the mode of action of the carbapenem class?
It is similar to the beta-lactam class
- activates auto cell lysis
- inhibits cell wall synthesis
- bactericidal
What organism is carbapenems effective against?
Pseudo
What is the mode of action for aminoglycosides?
-inhibits RNA translation
Breaks the cell wall
What are aminoglycosides effective at fighting against
- Community acquired pneumonia
- pseudo
What kind of antibiotic class is azithromycin a part of?
Macrolides
What is the mode of action for macrolides?
- bacteriostatic
- inhibits Rna transfer
What is an adverse reactions of Macrolides?
May increase concentration of
- theophylline
- warfarin
Coliston treats what?
Pseudo and Acinetobacter
What does TMP-SMX treat?
PCP and MRSA
What does clindamycin treat?
Gram pos organisms and anaerobic bacteria
Moderate effectiveness to MRSA
Flagyll is what kind of antibiotic class?what does it treat?
What is an adverse reaction?
metronidazole
Treats c-diff
An adverse reaction is purpura
When is a time that you give metronidazole?
To a patient with a weird infection after an international trip
What is the mode of action of quinolones/fluoroquinolones?
- inhibits DNA synthesis
- Bacteriocidal
quinolones/fluoroquinolones treat what?
what’s an adverse reaction to it as well?
Upper and lower respiratory tract infection
-Long QT interval
What does Vanco treat?
1 main thing
2 organisms
Bacteriocidal for gram-positive organisms
- MRSA
- c-diff
What’s one of the main treatments for TB?
Isoniazid
What is the mode of action for isoniazid?
Acts like a beta-lactam
- inhibits cell wall synthesis
- activates cell lysis
- Bacteriocidal
What is the mode of action for rifampin and rifabutin?
Also, what kinda of drug is it?
- inhibits RNA polymerase
- Bacteriocidal actively dividing bacteria
- it’s a anti-mycobacterial
What is a good treatment for HIV patients with a TB infection?
Pyrazinamide
What are two types of polyenes?
Amphotericin B and nystatin
Amphotericin B is what kind of drug?
It’s a systemic drug administered through IV
What kind of administration is nyastin?
It’s a topical drug for localized infection
What are the main organisms that Cipro and levo treat?
Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, mycoplasma pneumonia, Legionella pneumonia
What’s the mode of action for clindamycin?
- inhibits protein synthesis
- bacteriostatic
What does gentamicin and tobramycin treat?
Nosocomial Enterobacter and pseudo
What are three things to know about tetracyclines?
- Broad-spectrum antibiotic
- bacteriostatic
- it affects teeth and bone growth
What does ELISA stand for?
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
What’s the mode of action for TMP-SMX?
it prevents folic acid synthesis which stops bacteria from synthesis of nucleic acid and proteins for growth.
-bacteriostatic
Carbapenems
Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic
Bacteriocidal
Azoles
Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic
Bacteriostatic
Clindamycin
Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic
Bacteriostatic
Macrolides
Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic
Bacteriostatic
Tetracyclines
Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic
Bacteriostatic
TMP-SMX
Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic
Bacteriostatic
Isoniazid
Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic
Bacteriocidal
Penicillin
Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic
Bacteriocidal
Quinolone
Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic
Bacteriocidal
What drugs treat TB?
Use acronym
RIPES rivampin & ributin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol Streptomycin
