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Pharmacology > Chapter 14 anti-microbial > Flashcards

Chapter 14 anti-microbial Flashcards

0
Q

What do Second-generation cephalosporins treat?

A

Mostly gram-positive organisms with some gram-negative

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1
Q

What do first-generation cephalosporins treat?

A

Very active against gram-positive organisms

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2
Q

What are the two types of second generation cephalosporins?

A
  • Synthetic Cephamycin

- true cephalosporins

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3
Q

What do second-generation synthetic cephamycin treat?

A

Gram-negative organisms and anaerobics

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4
Q

What do third-generation cephalosporin treat?

A

Most active against gram-negative organisms

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5
Q

What do fourth generation cephalosporins treat?

A

Effective against both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms

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6
Q

What antibiotic drugs are in the beta-lactam category

- 4 types

A
  • penicillin
  • cephalosporins
  • carbapenems
  • Monobactam
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7
Q

Aztreonam is what kind of antibiotic?

A

Monobactam

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8
Q

What do beta-lactam’s generally do to bacteria?

A
  • inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • activate cell death mechanism auto cell lysis
  • Bacteriocidal
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9
Q

Tobramycin and gentamicin are a part of what antibiotic class?

A

Aminoglycosides

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10
Q

What drugs are useful in treating herpes and Varicella?

A

Drugs that end in “ovir”
Like:
-acyclovir
-valacyclovir

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11
Q

What is the mode of action of the carbapenem class?

A

It is similar to the beta-lactam class

  • activates auto cell lysis
  • inhibits cell wall synthesis
  • bactericidal
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12
Q

What organism is carbapenems effective against?

A

Pseudo

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13
Q

What is the mode of action for aminoglycosides?

A

-inhibits RNA translation

Breaks the cell wall

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14
Q

What are aminoglycosides effective at fighting against

A
  • Community acquired pneumonia

- pseudo

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16
Q

What kind of antibiotic class is azithromycin a part of?

A

Macrolides

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17
Q

What is the mode of action for macrolides?

A
  • bacteriostatic

- inhibits Rna transfer

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18
Q

What is an adverse reactions of Macrolides?

A

May increase concentration of

  • theophylline
  • warfarin
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19
Q

Coliston treats what?

A

Pseudo and Acinetobacter

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20
Q

What does TMP-SMX treat?

A

PCP and MRSA

21
Q

What does clindamycin treat?

A

Gram pos organisms and anaerobic bacteria

Moderate effectiveness to MRSA

22
Q

Flagyll is what kind of antibiotic class?what does it treat?

What is an adverse reaction?

A

metronidazole
Treats c-diff
An adverse reaction is purpura

23
Q

When is a time that you give metronidazole?

A

To a patient with a weird infection after an international trip

24
Q

What is the mode of action of quinolones/fluoroquinolones?

A
  • inhibits DNA synthesis

- Bacteriocidal

25
Q

quinolones/fluoroquinolones treat what?

what’s an adverse reaction to it as well?

A

Upper and lower respiratory tract infection

-Long QT interval

26
Q

What does Vanco treat?
1 main thing
2 organisms

A

Bacteriocidal for gram-positive organisms

  • MRSA
  • c-diff
27
Q

What’s one of the main treatments for TB?

A

Isoniazid

28
Q

What is the mode of action for isoniazid?

A

Acts like a beta-lactam

  • inhibits cell wall synthesis
  • activates cell lysis
  • Bacteriocidal
29
Q

What is the mode of action for rifampin and rifabutin?

Also, what kinda of drug is it?

A
  • inhibits RNA polymerase
  • Bacteriocidal actively dividing bacteria
  • it’s a anti-mycobacterial
30
Q

What is a good treatment for HIV patients with a TB infection?

A

Pyrazinamide

31
Q

What are two types of polyenes?

A

Amphotericin B and nystatin

32
Q

Amphotericin B is what kind of drug?

A

It’s a systemic drug administered through IV

33
Q

What kind of administration is nyastin?

A

It’s a topical drug for localized infection

34
Q

What are the main organisms that Cipro and levo treat?

A

Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, mycoplasma pneumonia, Legionella pneumonia

35
Q

What’s the mode of action for clindamycin?

A
  • inhibits protein synthesis

- bacteriostatic

36
Q

What does gentamicin and tobramycin treat?

A

Nosocomial Enterobacter and pseudo

40
Q

What are three things to know about tetracyclines?

A
  • Broad-spectrum antibiotic
  • bacteriostatic
  • it affects teeth and bone growth
41
Q

What does ELISA stand for?

A

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

42
Q

What’s the mode of action for TMP-SMX?

A

it prevents folic acid synthesis which stops bacteria from synthesis of nucleic acid and proteins for growth.

-bacteriostatic

43
Q

Carbapenems

Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic

A

Bacteriocidal

44
Q

Azoles

Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic

A

Bacteriostatic

45
Q

Clindamycin

Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic

A

Bacteriostatic

46
Q

Macrolides

Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic

A

Bacteriostatic

47
Q

Tetracyclines

Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic

A

Bacteriostatic

48
Q

TMP-SMX

Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic

A

Bacteriostatic

49
Q

Isoniazid

Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic

A

Bacteriocidal

50
Q

Penicillin

Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic

A

Bacteriocidal

51
Q

Quinolone

Bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic

A

Bacteriocidal

52
Q

What drugs treat TB?

Use acronym

A 
RIPES
rivampin & ributin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Streptomycin

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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